Over the past decade, there has been an increased interest in understanding the operative indications and techniques in treating scapular fractures and tracking their outcomes. Multiple studies have documented poor functional outcomes following nonoperative management of displaced scapular fractures. There is a groundswell of recognition that severe deformity from scapular malunion is associated with functional consequences for patients. This has led to a growing recognition that scapular fractures should be held to the same standards as other bodily fractures with regard to fracture fixation principles, including anatomic articular reduction, proper alignment, and stable internal fixation. Through research, there has been an improved understanding of scapular fracture patterns and the relevant surgical approaches and exposures used for fracture fixation. As with many bones, however, there still remains the absence of a compelling study that defines thresholds for surgical indication based on degrees of deformity and amounts of displacement.

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In diabetic patients, metatarsal excision may be better than transmetatarsal amputation.