This study examines the role played by length of residence in determining the psychological adjustment of 382 new immigrants from the former Soviet Union during their first 2 years in Israel. Psychological adjustment was evaluated using longitudinal (n = 133) and cross-sectional (n = 382) designs. The findings partially support the U-curve 3-stage social adjustment model (Lysgaard, 1955). The first stage, occurring from the first days up to 5 months in the new country, is the deterioration stage. The second stage, occurring between 5 and 11 months, is the low well-being stage. The third stage, occurring after more than 11 months, is the recovery stage. Significant differences in psychological adjustment exist between the first and second stages.