INTRODUCCIÓNLas especies reactivas del oxígeno (ERO) son agentes oxidantes que tienen o son fácilmente convertidos en radicales libres, los que son átomos o grupos de átomos inestables de alta energía que poseen uno o más electrones desapareados o libres en sus orbitales exteriores, por lo que son muy reactivos ya que tienden a captar un electrón de moléculas estables con el fin de alcanzar su estabilidad electroquímica (1). Las ERO, cuyo origen es (1) ( ABSTRACT The reactive oxygen species (ERO) cause cell damage that can be expressed as a disease, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other non transmissible chronic diseases. The human body has antioxidant systems, some come from the diet, especially fruits and vegetables, and others are generated by the same organism as an endogenous way. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro antioxidant capacity of some fruits and vegetables that are consumed in the Maule Region, Chile. Eleven species of fruits and 16 of vegetables used in the study were obtained at the Regional Center of Fruits and Vegetables of Talca during the harvest season, and different aqueous and methanol extract were obtained. The antioxidant activity was determined by purple discoloration of the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hidrazilo hydrated (DPPH). In general the antioxidant activity was slightly higher in fruits (70,3%; 87,7-54,3%) than in vegetables (54,7%; 44,3-79,7%) (p ≤ 0.003) and it was dependent on the concentration of the extract. In the tests at 1000 µg/m, most fruits showed a higher percentage of discoloration over to 60%; those that showed higher antioxidant activity were raspberry, strawberry and kiwi. Among vegetables, those showing higher antioxidant activity were tomato, followed by melon pear, red beet, melon (type tuna), sweet pepper and watermelon. The antioxidant activity observed in most fruits and vegetables could be assessed as a scientific argument to make known in promotional campaigns in national consumption and the horticultural products exports.

INTRODUCCIÓNLas enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT), entre las que se encuentran las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV), representan un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial (1, 2).Las ECV (infarto agudo de miocardio, enfermedad cerebro vascular y trombosis arterial periférica) desde el punto de vista patogénico, se inician por un proceso aterotrombótico (3), en el cual el endotelio (4), ABSTRACT Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of mortality worldwide. To prevent CVD it is recomended to quit smoking, the practice of physical activity and the consumption of healthy food. In this context, numerous studies have shown the importance of a frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables (at least 5 a day). It has been described an inverse relationship between vegetables consumption and the risk of developing CVD, which is mainly explained by its antioxidant activity, and in some cases lipid-lowering and antiplatelet effects. In this sense, the increase in regular consumption of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and related products, can improve the some cardiovascular parameters. The current lifestyle favors the consumption of processed foods, a situation that may affect the stability of tomato components and their physicochemical properties. This review addresses the antioxidant activities, lipid-lowering and antiaggregant properties of tomato, as well as the effect of processing and storage. Additionally, a summary of some patents associated with beneficial effects on health. As bibliographic source www.pubmed.org was mainly used, the terms used in the search were: antiplatelet, tomato, and platelet, antioxidant, among others, then search the full texts of items of common interest.

No abstract

A B S T R A C TLiatris spicata (L.) Willd. was introduced to Chile as a cut flower crop more than a decade ago. It is commonly field-planted in consecutive plantings during spring and summer. The propagation structure is a corm that is reused in subsequent plantings. Other field crops are shaded to reduce the temperature, but in liatris, the effect of shading under our conditions on both cut flowers and corms is unknown. The present study assessed the cut flower quality of L. spicata cultivated in the VII Region (35°33' S lat, 71°13' W long), Chile, utilizing nets providing 35, 50, 65 and 80% shade, plus a control treatment without shade. As well, the weight of the corms was recorded one, four and eight weeks after flower harvest. The effect of shade on flower quality was evident at harvest time; the plants that grew at full sun had longer spikes and greater stem diameters. The weight of corms at the third evaluation was greatest in the control treatment, and at the first evaluation these values were lower than in the last evaluation. As the shade negatively affected both flower quality and corm weight, it was concluded that shading nets should not be recommended under this experimental conditions. R E S U M E NEl cultivo de Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. para flor cortada fue introducido en Chile hace más de una déca-da. Se suele plantar en forma escalonada al aire libre en primavera y verano. Su estructura de propagación corresponde a un cormo, el cual se reutiliza en la siguiente plantación. Otros cultivos al aire libre se sombrean para reducir la temperatura, pero en liatris se desconoce el efecto del sombreamiento en nuestras condiciones, tanto para la vara floral como para el cormo. El presente estudio evaluó la calidad de las varas florales de L. spicata, cultivadas en la VII Región (35°33' lat. Sur, 71°13' long. Oeste) bajo diferentes niveles de sombra, utilizando mallas de 35; 50; 65 y 80% de sombra y un testigo sin sombra. Además se midió el peso de los cormos al cabo de una, cuatro y ocho semanas después de la cosecha de flores. El efecto de la sombra sobre la calidad de las varas se manifestó al momento de cosecha, encontrándose una mayor longitud de espiga y diámetro de varas en las plantas que crecieron a pleno sol. El peso de cormos en la tercera evaluación fue superior en el tratamiento testigo, y en la primera evaluación los valores fueron inferiores a los de la última evaluación. La sombra afectó negativamente la calidad de flores y el peso del cormo, por lo que se concluye que en las condiciones del presente experimento no se recomienda el uso de mallas sombreadoras para su cultivo.Palabras clave: Liatris spicata, liatris, flor cortada, bulbo, cormo, nivel de luz.