The relationship between family socioeconomic status (SES) and the academic performance of children is well established in sociological research. Another important dimension is the factors that may influence educational outcomes within low SES families. This paper presents new data from a sample of over 3000 students from financially disadvantaged backgrounds to estimate the extent of socioeconomic, family, individual and contextual factors on school educational performance. Results obtained using binomial logistic regression techniques indicate that gender, unexplained absences, parental educational attainment, housing type, ethnicity and student age are all statistically significant variables and predictors of academic performance. In contrast, family structure, the main source of family income and geographical location do not significantly predict outcomes in school performance once other factors are controlled for. The findings support the notion that the 'social' and the 'economic' components of the socioeconomic status equation have distinct and separate influences on educational outcomes. While financial assistance to schools and families in need is important, policies and programmes that also assist low-income parents in providing appropriate psychological and educational support for their children should also be promoted.
This article illustrates how traditional concepts of person-environment fit and transition can be adapted to deal with change, and highlights the advantages of an integrated organizational and individual perspective on career development. Using an adapted version of the Minnesota Theory of Work Adjustment and a "Me Incorporated" metaphor, the article illustrates the need for both the individual and an organization to consider immediate and future demand and supply factors in relation to the other. In addition to placing a change overlay on training, selection and career development, the article illustrates how recommendations for dealing with organizational change can be adapted for use by "Me Incorporated".
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