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Calves that die from white scours associated with Escherichia coli infection show two distinct but related conditions at post-mortem examination (Wood, 1955). Calves that die after being deprived of colostrum usually scour slightly, but with few exceptions show an E. coli septicaemia at post-mortem, whereas the majority of those that die after being given sufficient colostrum to protect against the septicaemic form of death scour profusely, become dehydrated and show a localized intestinal infection in which E. coli can be isolated only from the intestinal tract in very large numbers, and occasionally in small numbers from the mesenteric lymph nodes. The loss of body-weight is very pronounced but little information is available on the resultant change in electrolyte concentration in the blood.T o add to existing knowledge of the reasons for the death of these colostrum-fed calves, determinations of serum sodium and potassium have been made on 152 calves that were used in experiments during the year 1955-6. METHODS CalvesT h e calves were in four different experiments, but none of the treatments affected the incidence of scouring. Of 150 calves, forty were deprived of colostrum, of which thirty were given various fractions of egg (Roy, Shillam & Hawkins, 1956)) IOO received 400 ml of separated colostrum and ten received 6 pints (3410 ml) of whole colostrum.The calves were given whole milk or a 'synthetic milk' based on spray-dried skim milk at the daily rate of I lb milk/Io lb live weight. At the onset of scouring, the milk intake was reduced to the quantity required for maintenance of body-weight (Roy, Shillam, Hawkins & Lang, 1958) until the faeces became of normal consistency, and the quantity was then increased to the full ration.To verify that any changes in values for serum sodium and potassium were largely an effect of scouring rather than of a reduced milk intake, two calves, referred to in Table I, were each given 400 ml separated colostrum followed by quantities of milk estimated to give maintenance of body-weight or I Ib live-weight gain/day during alternate weeks of the 3-week experimental period.https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi

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G. 1998. Efficacy of tetrachlorvinphos insecticide dust against darkling beetles in commercial broiler chicken barns. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 78: 723-725. Residual application of tetrachlorvinphos dust (Debantic 50WP) was evaluated against darkling beetles in commercial broiler chicken barns. The dust formulation was applied using an electrostatic duster after clean out of old litter at the start of a new broiler cycle. Tetrachlorvinphos dust provided adequate control of beetle larvae and adults up to 5 wk. One time of application is adequate for one commercial broiler chicken production cycle only.

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