The purpose of this study was to evaluate noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of adhesive capsulitis and correlate them with clinical stages of adhesive capsulitis. This will hopefully define a role for shoulder MR imaging in the diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis as well as in potentially directing appropriate treatment. Forty-seven consecutive non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging examinations of 46 patients with a clinical diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with clinical staging. Specific MRI criteria correlated with the clinical stage of adhesive capsulitis, including the thickness and signal intensity of the joint capsule and synovium as well as the presence and severity of scarring in the rotator interval. Routine MRI of the shoulder without intraarticular administration of gadolinium can be used to diagnose all stages of adhesive capsulitis, including stage 1, where findings may be subtle on clinical examination. We believe that future studies assessing the role of MRI in guiding the initiation of appropriate treatment should be undertaken.

No abstract

Ultrasound can be used to accurately target Morton's neuromas and, therefore, appropriately direct therapeutic interventions, with good short-term clinical results.

Soft-tissue augmentation and implants are increasingly seen by the radiologist as more techniques emerge for a variety of indications and locations. Some surgical and implant procedures are performed for purely cosmetic reasons in otherwise healthy patients seeking to improve their body image, and some are performed for reconstruction after cancer or other chronic illnesses. Abdominoplasty, liposuction, and autologous fat grafting can be performed for abdominal and gluteal contouring. Injection of liquid injectable silicone has historically been fraught with legal issues, although it continues to be used for augmentation in a variety of anatomic locations. Newer solid silicone implants have revolutionized cosmetic and reconstructive muscular contouring. Subdermal implants placed by nonmedical professionals are relatively new and unrecognized within the medical establishment, although such implants have been described in the popular culture. Perhaps the most rapidly increasing segment of cosmetic procedures, however, is minimally invasive cosmesis in the form of soft-tissue fillers in the hands and face. Finally, the major principles of breast augmentation and penile implants are also reviewed. Regardless of the location and the type of implant, complications of plastic surgery and soft-tissue implants can generally be classified into the following categories: seroma, hematoma, infection, migration, vascular or nerve compression, fibrosis, foreign-body reaction, and rupture or breakdown. Key concepts include knowing the appropriate anatomic location and the normal postoperative appearance so that complications can be properly detected. A broad range of approved, off-label, and illicit plastic surgical and implant procedures are described and their complications illustrated with cases with classic imaging findings. RSNA, 2017.