A central goal of The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols for managing common medical conditions that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient. PurposeT o provide guidance in the first hours/days of life to: Differentiate transitional neonatal hypoglycemia from persistent pathologic hypoglycemia Prevent clinically significant hypoglycemia in newborn infants Appropriately monitor blood/plasma glucose levels in at-risk term and late preterm neonates Manage clinically significant hypoglycemia in newborn infants to prevent neurologic injury Maximize breast milk provision to babies Establish and preserve maternal milk supply during medically necessary supplementation for hypoglycemia or during separation of mother and baby. About the 2020 Revised ProtocolKey research articles before 2014 were retained and more recent information was added from primary studies and compilations. Specific studies were assigned a level of evidence, and Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT: A, B, C) 1 was used for recommendations. The SORT rating system addresses the three key elements (quality, quantity, and consistency) recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Levels of evidence are applied after each specific recommendation in brackets, e.g., [A], [B], [C].Recommendations are updated based on the last 6 years of new information and critical older studies. This clinical protocol is intended to provide practitioners with pragmatic evidence-based guidance to keep infants safe while mini-

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Mothers’ awareness regarding the risk factors for the development of early childhood caries is crucial. The current study aims to examine the knowledge of breastfeeding mothers about their baby’s dental health and prevention of ECC while comparing primiparous mothers to multiparous mothers. A total of 165 mothers aged 20–49 y/o participated in the study by completing questionnaires that assessed the knowledge and attitudes of mothers toward their infants’ oral health. Results showed that (1) mothers were found to be highly knowledgeable regarding the oral hygiene of their infants and the recommended breastfeeding best practices (71%); (2) mothers with lower education showed poor knowledge regarding the recommended practices of infant oral health; (3) a large proportion of the mothers in the sample (62%) reported that they usually tasted the food before giving it to their baby, in a way they could transmit bacteria to infants; (4) most of the mothers (68%) were not aware that their dental health during pregnancy affects the infants’ dental health; and (5) multiparous mothers were more knowledgeable regarding artificial baby milk composition (96%) in comparison with mothers with only a single child (60%). According to the results, there is a need to improve the knowledge of breastfeeding mothers, especially mothers who have one child and mothers with a lower education about their baby’s dental health. The results of this study shed light on the knowledge of breastfeeding mothers on this important topic and could serve policymakers to improve practices toward advancing better oral health for infants, without sacrificing the benefits of breastfeeding, which are so crucial for infant health and development.

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