Objective: To evaluate the methodological quality and transparency of the clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of gestational and congenital toxoplasmosis (CT). Methods: Systematic review of the literature on gestational and CT CPGs conducted in the MEDLINE, Embase, TripDatabase, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud databases and extensive manual searches in 19 CPG repositories. The characteristics of each of the guidelines were extracted using My AGREE PLUS on-line. Three reviewers assessed overall quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool. Results:The combined systematic review found 8651 citations. Of them 46 full texts were reviewed, and eight documents were finally included: four toxoplasmosis CPGs, three prenatal care CPGs that included recommendations on toxoplasmosis, and one pregnancy infection guideline that also included recommendations on toxoplasmosis.The AGREE II domains found to have the highest scores were 'clarity of presentation' (85%; [37%-100%]), followed by 'scope and purpose' (73%; [33%-98%]), and 'editorial independence' (51%; [3%-94%]); the domains with the lowest scores were 'rigour of development' (36%; [11%-79%]), 'stakeholder involvement' (34%;[24%-85%]), and 'applicability' (17%; [6%-83%]). The Colombian and Spanish-Agencia de Evaluaci on de Tecnologías Sanitarias de Andalucía (AETSA) CPGs had the highest global AGREE II scores. Absolute interrater agreement was good to excellent.Conclusion: Substantial quality variation was found among CPGs, which provided recommendations in accordance with the context of the disease in the corresponding country or region. Only two of the CPGs appraised obtained a good score and are classified as 'recommended'.
Objective To determine the association between armed conflict and very low birth wright (VLBW), which is a multifactorial etiology public health problem that includes aspects of poverty and violence. Methods Case‐control population study matched by year of delivery conducted in Cauca, Colombia, between 2010 and 2016. Cases of VLBW, with weights between 500 and 1499 g and controls weighing between 2500 and 3999 g. Cases and controls were identified through the vital statistics registry, and exposure was determined using a multidimensional index designed by the Colombian State. Multiple gestations were excluded. Conditional logistic regression for matched data was used, adjusting for confounding variables. Results Overall, 7068 matched participants (1767 cases and 5301 controls) were included. Cases and controls had similar baseline characteristics. Participants were predominantly women in the second and third decades of life, 3222 (46%) were exposed to armed conflict, and 1902 (27%) were of African‐Colombian or indigenous ethnicity. Maternal exposure to armed conflict significantly increased the odds of VLBW among women with rural birth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.74–5.45) and inadequate prenatal care (aOR 10.38, 95% CI 8.20–13.12). Conclusion Exposure to armed conflict increases the odds of VLBW neonates. This factor needs to be considered in prenatal care.
La tungiasis es una ectoparasitosis endémica en Latinoamérica y está asociada a factores de riesgo como la ruralidad, la pobreza y la convivencia con animales. Popayán, una ciudad al suroccidente de Colombia, fue históricamente afectada por la tungiasis, tanto así que a sus habitantes los apodan “patojos” debido a la forma de caminar de sus habitantes infestados por la pulga. Hoy la enfermedad se creía eliminada.Se presenta el caso de un niño de 12 años procedente del área urbana de Popayán, que consultó por lesiones papulares de bordes circulares, centro negruzco y halo hiperqueratósico en ambos pies, de un mes de evolución. Por los hallazgos clínicos se sospechó tungiasis y se le administró ivermectina. Las lesiones se removieron quirúrgicamente y se enviaron para análisis parasitológico, el cual confirmó la presencia de Tunga penetrans. La evolución del paciente fue satisfactoria. La Secretaría de Salud Municipal de Popayán inspeccionó el domicilio del paciente y encontró perros migrantes del Pacífico colombiano en sus alrededores, algunos con lesiones sospechosas de tungiasis.Se documenta, así, el resurgimiento de esta enfermedad en el área urbana, probablemente debido a la migración de animales desde las zonas rurales. Es importante reconocer la existencia de la pulga en zonas rurales y urbanas, hacer el diagnóstico médico y reportar los casos a los entes de vigilancia. Estas acciones permitirán ofrecer un apropiado manejo y control sanitario de esta ectoparasitosis desatendida en humanos y animales.
El Programa Madre Canguro (PMC) permite un seguimiento a prematuros con comorbilidades como displasia broncopulmonar (DBP). El objetivo fue caracterizar los pacientes con DBP, describir su compromiso nutricional, neurológico, respiratorio en un PMC. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en el PMC de un Hospital Universitario con aprobación del comité de ética. Incluyó pacientes con DBP entre 2015-2018, sin malformaciones mayores. Evaluamos el estado nutricional, neurológico y respiratorio a las 40 semanas, 6 y 12 meses de edad corregida mediante escalas recomendadas en Colombia. Realizamos análisis descriptivo y comparación según severidad de la DBP. Describimos la evolución en pacientes con seguimiento completo. Ingresaron 490 pacientes en cuatro años, 50 con DBP (10,2%); 58% con DBP-moderada, ninguno con DBP-severa. 96% de estrato socioeconómico bajo, 46% <29 semanas de edad gestacional y el 90% sometidos a ventilación mecánica. Encontramos compromiso del promedio de Talla/Edad a 6 y 12 meses. Prueba Amiel Tisson anormal en 98%. Cerca del 75% presentaron síntomas respiratorios entre 6 y 12 meses y 33% tuvo al menos un reingreso hospitalario. Los pacientes con DBP del PMC tienen compromiso en la Talla/Edad, neurodesarrollo y alteraciones respiratorias al completar el seguimiento.
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