We appled a genetic and phenotypic multi-character predicted approach to the use of the multivariate methods Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and Genotype Main Effects and Genotype Environment Interaction (GGE). The experiment was carried out in the agricultural crop year of 2016 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with 14 growing environments x five wheat genotypes arranged in three replications. The characters were falling number, gluten strengthand protein content, which were used to make multi-character the technological index of the industrial quality of the wheat grains and multi-character the technological index of the industrial quality of the wheat grains. Multi-character selection can be a useful tool for identifying genotypes and growing environments that maximize the industrial quality of wheat grain. The GGE method provides greater explicability of the effects of genotype x environment interaction based on multi-character selection. The multicharacter genetic approach predicted for the ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 18 (3): gmr18223 V.J. Szareski et al. 2 selection of the industrial quality of wheat grain results in reliable inferences in the indication of adaptability and stability for the AMMI method and for GGE.

The objective of the present study was to describe the morphological characteristics that allow the differentiation of cultivars and to evaluate the agronomic characteristics that can determine the yield of Chenopodium quinoa cultivated in the southern part of Rio Grande do Sul. Quinoa is a pseudocereal that it is originally from the Andes region; it is consumed throughout the world due to its nutritional characteristics. Its introduction and production in Brazil are recent, so studies that make possible the increase of growing are of great importance. We evaluated the stem, leaf and inflorescence characteristics, number of seeds per branch, number of branches and mass of one thousand seeds, thus obtaining the agronomic characteristics. We calculated the yield of the cultivars using the adjusted formula for estimated yield. It was observed that the characteristics of the leaf could be used to differentiate the cultivars. It is possible to calculate the yield of the crop using the adjusted formula for estimated yield.

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Genetic variability is essential for maize breeding, being source of determining alleles and genes that maximize traits of agronomic interest, minimize abiotic and biotic stresses, as germplasm sources for breeding, one can use landraces, adapted populations, exotic populations and commercial hybrids, which are readily available to lineages extraction and improved open pollinated varieties (OPVs). Thus, the aim of this review is to highlight the main dynamics involved in the genetic improvement of maize, the use of biometric models to select genotypes superior to grain yield and nutritional components. In this study it was possible to contextualize on: Botanical description, morphological and physiological characteristics, the genetic breeding, development of inbred lines, development of hybrids, variance components and genetic parameters, heterosis, diallel analysis, genotype x environment interaction, associations between traits and Restricted Maximum Likelihood and Best Linear Unbiased Predictor (REML / BLUP).

The growing demand for maize creates a challenge for breeders; they need to constantly develop higher yielding and higher quality genotypes. We estimated the most relevant genetic parameters, along with heterosis and variance components. A multivariate approach was used in order to define profiles of narrow sense heritability for yield and nutritional components in half-sibling maize progenies. The applied experimental design was random blocks with a male parent (hybrid tester), five inbred lines (S 5) as maternal parents and the progenies (hybrid Top Cross), totaling 11 maize genotypes arranged in six replicates. Agronomic and nutritional characters were evaluated. Half-sibling progenies revealed greater additive genetic contribution to phenotypic expression with grain width and thickness, iron content, total flavonoids and carotenoids, soluble solids, and methionine. Narrow sense heritability values between and within progenies were higher for manganese content, glycine, proline and tryptophan. Regardless of the S 5 inbreeding line used, heterosis gains were obtained for ear insertion height, number of grain rows per ear, stalk diameter, zinc content, total carotenoids, soluble solids and pH. Specific heterosis was found ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 17 (4): gmr18024 I.R. Carvalho et al 2 for grain yield, glycine, serine, threonine and phenylalanine. The multivariate analysis defined eight profiles of traits according to their genetic tendencies, and indicated narrow sense heritability of the progeny mean as the main reason for this classification.