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The role of neurotrophic factors in the maintenance and survival of peripheral neuronal cells has been the subject of numerous studies. Administration of exogenous neurotrophic factors after nerve injury has been shown to mimic the effect of target organ-derived trophic factors on neuronal cells. After axotomy and during peripheral nerve regeneration, the neurotrophins NGF, NT-3 and BDNF show a well defined and selective beneficial effect on the survival and phenotypic expression of primary sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia and of motoneurons in spinal cord. Other neurotrophic factors such as CNTF, GDNF and LIF also exert a variety of actions on neuronal cells, which appear to overlap and complement those of the neurotrophins. In addition, there is an indirect contribution of GGF to nerve regeneration. GGF is produced by neurons and stimulates proliferation of Schwann cells, underlining the close interaction between neuronal and glial cells during peripheral nerve regeneration. Different possibilities have been investigated for the delivery of growth factors to the injured neurons, in search of a suitable system for clinical applications. The studies reviewed in this article show the therapeutic potential of neurotrophic factors for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury and for neuropathies.

Objectives To determine whether nerve growth factorResults The levels of NGF were higher in samples from all three painful bladder conditions than in samples (NGF) is elevated in painful conditions of the urinary bladder (idiopathic sensory urgency, interstitial cystitis from controls. Immunostaining showed increased NGF expression in the urothelium, most marked in patients and painful chronic cystitis). Patients and methods Sixteen women patients were with idiopathic sensory urgency. Conclusions The increased level of NGF may explain recruited from the Urodynamic Clinic at The Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital, London. Four each had several clinical and pathological features in these conditions, including sensitization of nociceptor fibres idiopathic sensory urgency (mean age 34 years, range 24-51), chronic cystitis (mean age 51 years, range and increased numbers of mast cells. We propose that anti-NGF treatment may be a rational and effective 40-79) and interstitial cystitis (mean age 41 years, range 29-53). Four women who had genuine stress treatment in intractable bladder pain. Keywords Human, urinary bladder, inflammation, pain, incontinence on cystometry but with no irritative symptoms were used as controls (mean age 45 years, nerve growth factor range 35-54). The levels of NGF were determined in bladder biopsies from all women and biopsy sections were immunostained to detect NGF. including bladder capacity under anaesthetic and bladder

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Quantitative analysis of complex amino acids and RGD peptides by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Surface and Interface Analysis, 45 (8). 1238 -1246 . ISSN 0142-2421 https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.5261 eprints@whiterose.ac.uk https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version -refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher's website. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. 1 Quantitative Analysis of Complex Amino Acids and RGD Peptides by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)Joanna