BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted due to the uncertainties that still exist about the role of playing wind instruments in musculoskeletal complaints. Therefore, the objective was to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction and associated factors in wind instrument players. METHODS: Wind instrument players from the School of Music of Fine Arts of Paraná were evaluated for nine-months. Axes I and II of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders was used to obtain the variables of interest. The statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 2.0 software, using the Fishers Exact test, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Thirty-five musicians were examined, 85.7% were male, and 14.3% were female. The temporomandibular dysfunction prevalence was 51.4% being more commonly found in the group II (disc displacements) 34.2%. This result was statistically meaningful when associated with females (p=0,052). Group I disorders (muscle disorders) were diagnosed in 5 patients (14.2%) and group III disorders (joint disorders) were diagnosed in 3 patients (8.5%). Gender also influenced the presence of chronic pain, being more frequent in females (p=0.019). CONCLUSION: In this research, we found a high prevalence of individuals affected by temporomandibular dysfunction. Therefore, studies with expanded samples are necessary, as well as educational and preventive measures. Temporomandibular dysfunction specialists should devote more attention to this group of people.