Some considerations on the apodotic uses of atque and et (2nd c. BC-2nd c. AD)Abstract: This paper deals with the phenomenon often referred to as "parahypotaxis," that is, with the cases in which an adverbial phrase is linked to the matrix clause by means of a copulative conjunction that "breaks" the hypotactic nexus, e.g., Gel. 2,29,8: haec ubi ille dixit et discessit. Specifically, we shall go over all the earlier occurrences of the construction, from Plautus to Apuleius, and, based on their discussion, we shall show that the few certain (or very probable) instances must be explained either by a special use of atque or by Greek influence. We shall hence deny the existence in Latin of "para-hypotaxis" as an autonomous syntactical category, at least in connection with (pre)classical and Early Imperial times.

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An historical degression about the arrival and spreading of Roman culture in Lower Moesia.The military settlement of the Romans in the region between the Danube and the Balkans began in the Republican age around 29-28 B.C. and brought, almost 40 years later around the 10 A.D., the construction and the fortification of the Danubian Limes. During the Giulio-Claudian age the Roman presence was restricted to this border: they were forced to remain in the military camps because of the danger of possible incursions mainly from the north and south. Until the beginning of the second century the Roman culture was represented by Italics and Provincials who mostly came from the western Provinces but also from the east from Asia Minor and the Balkan countries. After the victory of Traianus against Decebalus (106 A.D.) and the annexation of Dacia to the Roman Empire as a Provincia, the danger of invasions from the north almost disappeared and Roman settlements reached Odessus (Varna) and the Black Sea where Greek culture and population had been predominant for several years. At this time Traianus founded two coloniae, Ratiaria and Oescus, on the west side of the Danube and two cities, Nicopolis ad Istrum and Marcianopolis, in the northern Balkans. With the beginning of the first century the immigration of

Support verb constructions are documented throughout the history of Latin as well as other (typologically also irrelated) languages. As shown in several studies, such constructions are characterized by the presence of a support verb exhibiting a more or less reduced semantic force, and a predicative (abstract or verbal) noun that often constitutes its direct object. The present contribution deals, specifically, with the use of facio as support verb (as in bellum facere, iter facere, insidias facere, etc.), focussing on the post-classical and late period. In particular, three questions shall be investigated: (i) whether, and if yes, how facio increases its popularity in later centuries both in non-Christian and Christian sources; (ii) how is the spread of use of facio-support verb constructions in the Mulomedicina Chironis and in the Itinerarium Egeriae to be accounted for; (iii) what type of semantic evolution does the verb undergo in later Latin and whether, in this respect, continuity or rupture should be assumed with regard to the archaic and classical periods. This last point will enable us to suggest a more convincing explanation for an often-quoted passage of Cicero (Phil. 3,22), in which the construction contumeliam facere occurs.