Background and Objective: The knowledge about the impact of the nonpharmacological measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic can give insight into ways in which they can also be applied for other respiratory diseases. To assess the impact of containment measures of the COVID-19 pandemic on pneumonia hospitalizations in children from 0 to 14 years of age in Brazil.

Covid-19 pandemic globally impaired health care, basic assistance, and quality of life, even for those who recovered after SARS-CoV-2 infection. New questions arise regarding post infection and prolonged or new symptoms. This broad concept of COVID-19 long defined as symptoms occurring after infection is very relevant for health care taken together with patient complaints related to new emerging variants and prior infections. Therefore, establishing the relationship between neurological symptoms and COVID-19 is very important. For this review, we considered only neurologic or neuropsychiatric findings after a positive SARS-CoV-2 serological test and COVID-19 long symptoms after a negative PCR test, which resulted in 42 studies after exclusions. Our results demonstrated that the most relevant and frequent neurological complaints reported was fatigue, followed by attention or memory difficulties, including brain fog and smell and taste disturbances. This systematic literature review of long COVID-19 aims to enhance the current knowledge regarding symptoms after infection and to discuss long-term COVID-19 concept, given the possibility of new or persistent symptoms.

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Background and Objective: The knowledge about the impact of the nonpharmacological measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic can give insight to ways in which they can also be applied for other respiratory diseases. To assess the impact of containment measures of the COVID-19 pandemic on pneumonia hospitalizations in children from 0 to 14 years of age in Brazil. Methods: Data from hospital admissions for pneumonia were obtained from the Department of Informatics of Brazilian Public Health System database in the period of 2015–2020 and analyzed by macro-regions and age groups. To evaluate the effect of containment measures, used in the pandemic, on the incidence of pneumonia, the absolute reduction and relative reduction were calculated by analyzing the subsets 2015-2019 vs 2020. Results: Comparing the subsets of April-August 2015-2019 vs April-August 2020, there was an expressive reduction in the average incidence of hospitalizations, with numbers ranging from -87% [IRR 0.12 (0.10 to 0.14)] for < 4 years, -79% [IRR 0.21 (0.07 to 0.57)] for 5-9 years, -73% [IRR 0.26 (0.05 to 1.21)] for 10-14 and -86% [IRR 0.14 (0.06 to 0.29)] for <14 years. Conclusion: We found a significant decrease in cases of pneumonia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonpharmacological public health interventions can contribute to the decline of other respiratory infectious diseases.

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