Background Few low-burden indicators of diet quality exist, to track trends over time at low cost and with low technical expertise requirements. Objective To develop and validate a suite of low-burden indicators to reflect adherence to global dietary recommendations. Methods Using nationally representative cross-sectional quantitative dietary intake datasets from Brazil and the United States, we tested the association of food group scores with quantitative consumption aligned with 11 global dietary recommendations. We updated the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) to include current quantifiable recommendations of the World Health Organization (HDI-2020). We developed three food group-based scores: an overall Global Dietary Recommendations (GDR) Score as an indicator of all 11 recommendations, composed of two sub-components: GDR-Healthy, an indicator of the recommendations on “healthy” foods; and GDR-Limit, an indicator of the recommendations on dietary components to limit. We tested associations between these scores and the HDI-2020, and its respective subcomponents. We developed 9 dichotomous food group-based indicators to reflect adherence to the global recommendations for fruits and vegetables; dietary fiber; free sugars; saturated fat; total fat; legumes; nuts and seeds; whole grains; and processed meats. We conducted receiver-operating characteristic and sensitivity-specificity analyses to determine whether the dichotomous indicators were valid to predict adherence to the recommendations in both countries. Results The GDR Score and its subcomponents were moderately to strongly associated with the HDI-2020 and its respective subcomponents (absolute values of rank correlation coefficients ranged from 0.55 to 0.66). The dichotomous indicators largely met the criteria for predicting 8 of the global dietary recommendations in both countries; the indicator of total fat did not perform satisfactorily. Conclusions Food group consumption data can be used to indicate adherence to quantitative global dietary recommendations at population level. These indicators may be used to track progress of countries and populations toward meeting WHO guidance on healthy diets.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar fatores sociodemográficos associados ao consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e a evolução temporal do consumo no Brasil entre 2008 e 2018. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados do consumo alimentar de indivíduos com idade ≥ 10 anos das Pesquisas de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) 2008–2009 e 2017–2018. Os alimentos foram agrupados segundo a classificação Nova. Modelos de regressão linear brutos e ajustados foram utilizados para avaliar a associação entre características sociodemográficas e o consumo de ultraprocessados em 2017–2018 e a variação temporal de seu consumo entre 2008 e 2018. RESULTADOS: Alimentos ultraprocessados representaram 19,7% das calorias em 2017–2018. A análise ajustada mostrou que seu consumo foi maior no sexo feminino (versus masculino) e nas regiões Sul e Sudeste (versus Norte), e menor em negros (versus brancos) e na área rural (versus urbana), além de diminuir com o aumento da idade e aumentar com escolaridade e renda. O consumo de ultraprocessados aumentou 1,02 pontos percentuais (pp) de 2008–2009 a 2017–2018, sendo este aumento mais expressivo em homens (+1,59 pp), negros (+2,04 pp), indígenas (+5,96 pp), na área rural (+2,43 pp), naqueles com até 4 anos de estudo (+1,18 pp), no quinto mais baixo de renda (+3,54 pp) e nas regiões Norte (+2,95 pp) e Nordeste (+3,11 pp). Por outro lado, seu consumo se reduziu na maior faixa de escolaridade (-3,30 pp) e no quinto mais alto de renda (-1,65 pp). CONCLUSÕES: Os segmentos socioeconômicos e demográficos que tiveram menor consumo relativo de ultraprocessados em 2017–2018 são justamente os que apresentaram um aumento mais expressivo na análise temporal, apontando para uma tendência de padronização nacional em um patamar de consumo mais alto.
Porpouse: To systematically review the mechanisms by WBV improves the ability to learn, think, memorize and all other processes involving cognition. Methods: The present study collected data from three databases using the keywords “whole-body-vibration” and “cognition”. Randomized clinical trials focusing on the association of WBV and cognition were considered. The study was registered in the database of systematic reviews protocols PROSPERO. All included studies used healthy patients, exposed to WBV. The included articles were obtained regarding the risk of bias according to the Cochrane Collaboration criteria, level of evidence and strength of recommendation following the GRADE and Oxford classification. Results: Of the 89 articles published to the eligibility criteria, four were submitted to data extraction. Cognitive parameters were improved in relation to attention, memory or learning in almost all articles evaluated in this systematic review. Conclusion: Intervention with WBV would positive effects on individuals' cognitive ability, although further randomized investigations must be conducted
Objetivou-se identificar o uso de medicamento ansiolítico e/ou antidepressivo e associá-lo às características dos estudantes de medicina de uma universidade. Trata-se de um estudo com 449 estudantes de medicina no interior do estado de São Paulo. O uso de medicamento antidepressivo e/ou ansiolítico era feito por 24,3% dos estudantes, sendo a maior parte do sexo feminino e cursando os dois primeiros anos da faculdade. Não houve associação entre o uso de medicamento e os fatores como: idade, renda, morar com a família, horas de sono, relação com docentes e ter pai e mãe vivos. Observou-se maior chance de fazer terapia entre os estudantes que usavam medicamento (β=1,12, OR=3,07, p<0,001) e uma menor chance de realizar exercício físico (β=-0,051, OR=0,60, p=0,03). Estratégias para o manejo da depressão e da ansiedade devem ser incentivadas e ações para reduzir o estresse durante o curso devem fazer parte de um programa de apoio das universidades.
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