<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Tuberculosis has become a common occurrence in Otorhinolaryngology with increasing number of extra pulmonary cases. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">This is a study of 27 patients who visited ENT OPD of Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Pune, with variety of manifestations of tuberculosis in the ENT region.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Majority of those suffered from tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy, other manifestations included laryngeal tuberculosis, tuberculous otitis media, lupus vulgaris and tuberculous infection of a pre auricular sinus. FNAC and histopathologic examination proved to be reliable tools of diagnosis. Five of these patients suffered from concurrent pulmonary tuberculosis. All these responded well to category 1 anti-tubercular therapy well. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Tuberculosis in Otorhinolaryngology shows a variety of manifestations so it should be kept in mind whenever dealing with unusual presentations.</span></p>

AIM: To focus on difficulties in endoscopic endonasal DCR, to improve the final outcome of endoscopic endonasal DCR. To elaborate the steps this will avoid recurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This article presents retrospective study of 861 cases that underwent Endoscopic endonasal DCR between Oct 2004 and Nov 2011. The patients operated were in the age group from 5 years to 94 years. The cases of lacrimal abscesses were tackled by endo DCR which gave a substantial advantage over the conventional external approach by avoiding a scar. The stenting of the canalicular system was restricted to the situations where the patency of the lacrimal canaliculi was absent and the sac syringing done on operation table showed no fluid coming from the new stoma due to the blocked canaliculi or fibrosis of lacrimal sac. The stent used was silicon bicanalicular lacrimal intubation set. CONCLUSIONS: Local anaesthesia preferred over general anaesthesia as it has less bleeding and less morbidity. Endoscopic DCR avoids scar of external approach. Coexistent sinonasal disease can be tackled at same sitting. Adequate marsupialization of sac mucosa is key for avoiding recurrence.

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<p><strong>Background:</strong> Thyroid swellings are very frequently encountered in ENT practice, ranging from a simple cyst to a malignant tumour. Disorder of structure of thyroid gland, due to various etiological factors, will give rise to swelling in the neck region. Clinical signs and symptoms are inadequate to diagnose thyroid disorders as similar presentations are seen in various thyroid disorders. So, this study of thyroid swellings was done to know different clinical presentations, age and sex distribution, correlation between thyroid swellings and thyroid function tests, analyse various thyroid swellings and etiological factors based on pathological reports.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective study with 50 patients of thyroid swellings was conducted over 2 years, after taking consent from each patient. Patients were clinically examined by inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation and underwent thyroid function tests. Ultrasonography (USG) and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was done in all patients.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Total 50 patients of thyroid swellings were studied. Mean age of the patients was 38.92 years with female preponderance (74%). Thyroid swellings were commonly present bilaterally (54%). 82% cases showed euthyroid state. USG revealed that most of the patients had colloid nodule (46%), followed by MNG (26%). Majority of lesions were benign on both USG and FNAC reports. MNG (44%) was reported frequently in the provisional diagnosis, followed by colloid nodule (24%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In all cases of thyroid swellings, detailed clinical history, thorough clinical examination is required. Thyroid function test, USG and FNAC reports help to reach the definitive diagnosis. Histopathological report confirms and gives final diagnosis.</p><p> </p>

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