Machining with conventional process of lubrication is a general industrial practice for diminishing cutting forces, high temperature, and friction. During the machining process, cutting fluid characteristics plays a crucial role in enhancing machining performance when it is properly chosen. The harmful gases during machining process are often hazardous to individuals and the environment. It is also economically unviable if the cutting fluid cost, method of application, and flow rate is underestimated. Due to chip obstruction and poor absorption, a high amount of heat is liberated and as a result high quantity and high quality of lubricant or coolant are need to be supplied between the chip-tool interfaces consistently. This process becomes costly and degrades the environment. In the current work, nano powder of boric acid is chosen as solid type lubricant in turning process, which is blended with bio-diesel consisting of coconut oil as base oil. The outcomes of nano powder mixed bio-diesel cutting fluids exhibited significant enhancement in machining characteristics when it is compared with wet and dry machining. And also, Taguchi method of orthogonal representation is considered to determine the optimum weight percentage of the bio-diesel blends at different conditions of the machining process. The optimum machining conditions were obtained at high machining operation with a feed of 0.04 mm/min, speed of 600 rpm, and toll diameter of 0.5 mm.

In this paper, the response of regular concrete space frames subjected to gravity and blast loads for a six-storey building of 18 m high for a charge weight of 100 kg TNT at a 40 m range is studied. The type of blast chosen is a surface blast. Five different types of frames, skeleton frame (SFR), skeleton frame with the stiffness of slab (SFRS), skeleton frame with the stiffness of slab and 230 mm thick infill walls (SFRSWs 1), skeleton frame with the stiffness of slab and 150 mm thick infill walls (SFRSWs 2), and skeleton frame with the stiffness of slab and 115 mm thick infill walls (SFRSWs 3) were modelled and analyzed using STAAD Pro by converting the peak reflected blast pressure into equivalent static pressure by using the dynamic load factor. As the storey level increases the lateral displacements, shear force, and bending moment decrease due to a decrease in the impact of the blast at higher stories. The incorporation of infill walls in SFRSW1, SFRSW2, and SFRSW3 type frames shows a significant reduction in the lateral displacements due to the increase of stiffness when compared with SFR type frames.

Tensile and impact strengths of 304L SS stainless steel weldment prepared at different levels of heat treatments and with vibratory assistance were studied and compared with the conventional process of welding. The results reveal that the microstructures of weld joints after heat treatment and vibratory welded joints attained a fine grain structure, compared with the joints prepared with the conventional process of welding. By increasing the temperature of quenching and vibrations during welding, the grain size is gradually improving. Improvement in the tensile and impact is observed in the heat-treated and vibration-welded specimens. Similarity, in the weld joint properties of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) and vibratory-assisted welding (VAW) are observed. With the VAW technique, high quality weldments are produced and are more suitable than PWHT due to its less cost and time.