Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a well-known cause of different types of malignancies particularly Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin's lymphomas, and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas including primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). A higher tendency of malignant transformation associated with EBV has been noticed in immunocompromised patients, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. The rapid and effective immune reconstitution is crucial to prevent PCNSL in HIV-positive patients. We present a clinical case of a young patient diagnosed with HIV infection and medicated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) with poor immunological recovery. After two weeks, he developed ventriculoencephalitis, observed in the cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) and EBV, both with high serum viral load, rapidly evolving to PCNSL. With this unusual clinical case, the authors want to draw attention to the importance of rapid immunological reconstitution in preventing the progression of EBV infection to PCNSL, as well as encouraging the confirmation of the usefulness of early combination of chemotherapy and antiviral therapy, in order to reach a more effective treatment of this herpesvirus infection and associated malignancies.

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To describe an atypical case of reduplicative paramnesia, a delusional misidentification syndrome, in a patient admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit.

Presentamos el caso de un hombre infectado por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) con hipoacusia, vértigo y desequilibrio de evolución progresiva cuya investigación etiológica reveló infección sifilítica. Con este caso queremos mostrar la importancia de investigar esta patología en pacientes con alteraciones cocleovestibulares, especialmente VIH positivos.