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Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) was identified in domestic pigs worldwide. Although PCV-3 has also been detected in wild boars, information regarding its circulation in this free-living animal species is scarce. To investigate PCV-3 occurrence in free-living wild boars in Brazil, 70 serum samples collected between January 2017 and June 2019 in Paraná state, Brazil were analyzed by PCR assay. Amplicons measuring 330 bp in length were amplified in seven (10.0%) of the serum samples and confirmed to be PCV3-specific by nucleotide (nt) sequencing. As the amplified products from the serum samples yielded only intermediate levels of viral DNA, lung samples from the seven PCR-positive wild boars were also evaluated by PCR. Of these samples, five lung samples were positive and provided high levels of viral DNA. The three lung samples that presented the highest levels of viral DNA were selected for amplification and sequencing of the whole PCV-3 genome. The three full-length sequences obtained were grouped in PCV-3 clade “a”, and the sequences exhibited 100% nucleotide similarity among them. The PCV-3 field strains of this study showed nucleotide and amino acid similarities of 98.5–99.8% and 98.8–100%, respectively, with whole-genome PCV-3 sequences from around the world.

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Invasive species always endanger biodiversity because of their competing efficiency for food resources, high reproduction, and dispersion capacity. The aim of this study is to report the first record of 10 specimens of a small-sized primate, Callithrix penicillata, introduced in an Atlantic Rainforest fragment, Northern Paraná, Brazil. Due to their generalist feeding habit, behavior flexibility and parental care, the species adapted itself to different habitat and types of food. The monitoring of the group should be enhanced since the characteristics of the environment which provides them with food and shelter, coupled to the forced placement of the specimens in the fragments, may establish the species in the area.