The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between oral health literacy (OHL) among caregivers and untreated dental caries among preschoolers. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 415 preschool children and their caregivers from Curitiba, Brazil. The children were examined for dental caries and dental plaque. The caregivers’ OHL was evaluated using an instrument translated and validated for Brazilian Portuguese: the Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-30. The prevalence of children with untreated caries was 42.9% (95%CI: 38.1-47.7%). A low degree of OHL was found among 15.7% (95%CI: 12.2-19.2) of caregivers. The multivariable Poisson regression analysis indicated a higher prevalence of untreated caries among children whose caregivers had a low OHL (PR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.01-1.79), those with visible plaque (PR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.01-1.62) and those who never or only occasionally had their teeth brushed by their caregivers (PR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.16-1.91) in comparison to those without these conditions. In conclusion, a higher prevalence of untreated dental caries was found among preschool children whose caregivers had a low degree of OHL.
Participants with lower OHL were significantly more likely to fail to complete research questionnaires. The impact of OHL on missing data was greater with more complex types of items.
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between excess body weight (EBW) and the prevalence of dental caries in preschoolers considering parental control regarding snack consumption. Material and Methods: An observational, population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted at Municipal Child Education Centers in the city of Curitiba, Brazil, involving a representative sample of 686 preschool children aged four to five years and eleven months and their parents/caregivers. Dental caries was analyzed using the dmft index. Weight and height were measured for the determination of the body mass index, which was categorized for each zscore range considering age and sex. Children with overweight or obesity were considered to have EBW. The assessment of nutritional status was performed with the aid of the WHO Anthro and WHO Anthro Plus programs. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analysis with robust variance (α= 0.05). Results: The children with EBW had a lower prevalence rate of caries, but this association lost its significance when adjusted by the other variables included in the multivariate model. In the multivariate regression analysis, household income per capita (PR=0.804; 95%CI: 0.665-0.972), child's age (PR=1.015; 95%CI: 1.001-1.029) and snack limits (PR=0.839; 95%IC: 0.732-0.962) were associated with a greater prevalence rate of dental caries. Conclusion: Excess body weight was not significantly associated with dental caries, whereas a lower parental limit regarding snack consumption by the children was independently associated with a higher prevalence rate of dental caries.
IntroduçãoNas últimas décadas, houve um declínio nos ín-dices de cárie dentária no mundo, mas ela ainda é a doença bucal mais comum e a maior causa de perda de dentes em adolescentes 1 . A cárie dentária apresenta etiologia multifatorial, sendo influenciada por aspectos biológicos, comportamentais e socioeconô-micos 2 . A adolescência é um período dinâmico e de transições complexas 3 em que os comportamentos relacionados à saúde se consolidam, entre eles, destaca-se a higiene bucal e os hábitos alimentares 4 . Segundo uma revisão sistemática recente, ainda há uma lacuna na compreensão dos fatores que influenciam o comportamento em saúde bucal dos adolescentes 5 . Alguns estudos demonstram que os hábitos de higiene bucal de adolescentes estão associados a fatores demográficos, sociais, comportamentais e psicológicos, tais como gênero, nível socioeconômico e autopercepção da saúde 4 . Atualmente, tem crescido o interesse em entender como o gênero influencia aspectos da saúde geral e bucal, especificamente da cárie dentária 6 . O gênero pode mediar as atitudes dos adolescentes referentes a hábitos alimentares e higiene, podendo interferir na prevalência da cárie dentária. Estudos comprovam que meninas apresentam mais interesse na saúde bucal e que a percebem melhor do que meninos 7 .No estudo da cárie dentária e fatores relacionados, compreender as questões associadas ao gênero permite o estabelecimento de medidas de orientação comportamental mais direcionadas e assertivas. Objetivo: avaliar a influência do gênero na prevalên-cia de cárie dentária, hábitos de higiene bucal, consumo e preferência ao açúcar no início da adolescência. Sujeitos e método: Foi desenvolvido um estudo transversal representativo de adolescentes (doze anos) no município de Araucária,PR. Para a avaliação da prevalência de cárie não tratada e da higiene bucal, foi utilizado o índice CPO-D (Dentes cariados perdidos e obturados) e o índice IHO-S (índice de higiene oral simplificado), respectivamente. O questionário de frequência alimentar (QFA) foi utilizado para mensurar o consumo de açúcar, e uma versão modificada do Sweet
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