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The study of Christian topography has become increasingly subtle in its appreciation of both textual and archaeological evidence. Despite this, the model established in the 1980s, of an intra-mural episcopal church and extra-mural cemetery churches, seems still to be valid. However, this picture remains provisional; it must not be assumed where evidence is poor. There remain many questions open to investigation. Excavations conducted to a high standard may go some way to resolving these. Nevertheless, urban data remains fragmentary, so historical discussions must remain at the level of models.

This paper considers the relationship between the development of monumental churches and the rise of Christian communities and episcopal power. Using a number of examples attested by archaeological and documentary evidence it examines how the increasing complexity of Christian architecture, decoration and liturgical arrangement reflects the growing power of the bishop and the developing hierarchical complexity of Christian communities. In conclusion it examines the changing role of Christian monumental architecture as a vehicle for articulating the changing power structures of the Church between the 4th and 6th c.

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