RESUMENAntecedentes: La infección por Virus Papiloma Humano (VPH) es una enfermedad de transmisión sexual, que afecta a un alto porcentaje de mujeres jóvenes de todo el mundo. Su alta incidencia está asociada al inicio precoz y mayor frecuencia de la actividad sexual. A pesar de que la infección por VPH está ampliamente difundida en el mundo, es una infección aún desconocida por la población, lo que asociado a diversos factores culturales, favorece el desarrollo de múltiples creencias que dificultan la prevención y diagnóstico precoz. Objetivo: Identificar, describir y analizar las principales creencias relacionadas al VPH. Método: Se realizó búsqueda bibliográfica en MEDLINE, ProQuest, Scielo y metabuscador Tripdatabase, seleccionándose para su análisis, 45 artículos. Análisis del tema: La educación en salud debe considerar aspectos cognitivos, sociales y culturales de donde emergen las creencias de la población para poder abordarlas con un modelo teórico que lo sustente. Las creencias identificadas en esta revisión corresponden a la relación de infección por VPH y cáncer de cuello uterino en donde en general esta asociación es reconocida; creencias en relación al riesgo de contraer la infección por VPH asociado al nivel de conocimiento; estoicismo; negación y fatalismo/familismo presente preferentemente en las mujeres en donde niegan su enfermedad postergando su diagnóstico y tratamiento por mantener el bienestar de la familia. KEY WORDS: Cáncer cervical, creencias, modelo de creencias en salud, virus papiloma, papanicolaou SUMMARYBackground: The infection produced by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted disease that affects a large percentage of young women around the world. This high incidence of HPV infection is associated with early onset and greater frequency of sexual activity. Although HPV infection is widespread in the world, is still an unknown infection, which is associated with cultural factors that favor the development of multiple beliefs that hinder the prevention and early diagnosis. Objective: To identify, describe and analyze the major beliefs that limit HPV detection. Methods: Literature search was carried out in MEDLINE, Pro-Quest, Scielo and Tripdatabase metasearch, selecting 45 articles for analysis. Analysis of the theme: The health education should consider cultural and social cognitive aspects of a given society and culture from which they emerge to address these beliefs with a theoretical model to support it. The beliefs identified in this review correspond to the relationship between HPV infection and cervical cancer where the association is generally recognized, beliefs regarding the risk of HPV infection associated with the level of knowledge, stoicism, denial and fatalism/familism preferably present in women who deny their illness where diagnosis and treatment are postponed for maintaining the family and others.
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