Number of children and the perfect time to raise children is one of paramount decisions that a household encounters. This rationale appeared since parents recently realized that the number of children they have, the birth order and/or a certain birth-interval between children does matter in influencing the outcome of children, including the children's intelligence. Although the impacts of family structure on children's outcome in Indonesia have been widely examined; the literatures exploring birth order among siblings, along with the impacts of birth interval on child's wellbeing are so far hardly found. Utilizing the large-scale outgoing longitudinal data, Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) year 2007, this study attempts to find whether birth order and birth spacing affect the older sibling's intelligence at the age of 7-14 years old. The OLS results suggest that birth order adversely affects the child's intellectual performance. However, such effect becomes negligible and insignificant when there is a longer birth gap between children. In addition, those cognitive-endowment-related factors will be gratuitous if there is no cognitive development process at home. From the perspective of family planning program, the findings propose a need for policy design persuading longer inter-pregnancy gap for the sake of intelligence outcome.

East Java marine resources play important role as development assets and have  enormous opportunities for generating economic growth. The main potential includes  11 subsectors reinforced by the role of this province as a center of logistics and  connectivity of the Eastern Indonesia Region (KIT). Realizing such potential, both  central and local governments intensively attract investors to invest funds into the  maritime sector in East Java. The study also attempts to deliberate the impact of  investment in the maritime sector on the East Java economy in particular and  Indonesia in general. The impact includes economic growth, society’s welfare, and  employment. This study uses Input-Output Table of East Java Province 2008 published  by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The data is quantitatively employed to find  the linkage and impact multiplier of the investment. The results of this study indicate  that the investment in the maritime sector induces economic growth of East Java by  11%, which also rises people income and employment rate. With the contribution of  East Java to the national economy, which is about 15%, the investment will also  contribute to boost the national economy.

Most of the countries in the world, including Indonesia, have agreed to take action of keeping global warming below 2º Celsius in this century, as ratified in the Paris Agreement. Indonesia is committed to reduce their greenhouse gasses (GHG) emissions by 29% in 2030 without any international support. This study aims to analyze the nexus between carbon emission, energy consumption, and economic productivity; and moreover, identifies which factor in Kaya identity that affects more to the carbon emission. By employing energy and emission data from International Energy Agency (IEA), and macroeconomic data of 34 Provinces from Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), three dynamic models confirm that there is causality between those three variables.Decomposition results of Kaya identity showed that during 1993-2014, there was an increasing trend of carbon emissions mostly affected by carbon efficiency (ratio of CO2 emitted per energy consumption) and economic productivity. On the other hand, energy intensity of economy showed a promising decline trend over this period, indicating that less energy was needed to get a rupiah of GDP. Assuming the growth rate of GDP per capita is steady at 3% per year, Indonesia needs to further reduce its carbon content of energy at 4.5% per year and energy intensity at 2% per year, so that the INDC target in 2030 can successfully be achieved.