The EU Directive on Preventive Restructuring Frameworks gives the EU Member States (“MSs”) the choice between implementing two fairness rules in cross‐class cram‐down: the US‐style absolute priority rule (“APR”) or the newly conceived relative priority rule (“RPR”). This article argues that there is no good reason for the MSs to implement the RPR in domestic law. While the APR effectively protects the rights of the dissenting classes to get what they are entitled to, the RPR increases moral hazard and opportunism. Also, it might make debt investments in the EU unattractive. On top of that, this article shows that the RPR lacks a clear theoretical justification. One of the main reasons why the RPR was introduced in the Directive alongside the APR is that the RPR was thought to provide a solution to some of the APR's problems. This article considers three of those problems (i.e., the “valuation problem”, the “hold‐out problem” and the “problem of the relevant shareholders”) and explains the reasons why the RPR is not an appropriate solution for these. Among these three problems, the most troublesome one, from the perspective of the EU, is that the APR makes it difficult to award value to the equity of SMEs (the “problem of the relevant shareholders”). This article argues that using the RPR to deal with this problem would incentivize the shareholders to behave opportunistically and to orchestrate the restructuring. Instead of the RPR, this article suggests two alternative techniques which MSs can enact to better address the issue: the new value exception “in kind” and the disposable income method.
kopsavilkums Rakstā apskatīts interešu konflikta jautājums kreditoru balsojumā preventīvās pārstrukturēšanas sistēmās. Galvenā uzmanība pievērsta Itālijai raksturīgajai pārstrukturēšanas sistēmai, salīdzinot to ar ASV un Vācijas sistēmu (ņemot vērā arī Eiropas Savienības direktīvu par preventīvās pārstrukturēšanas regulējumu). Raksturoti dažādi kreditoru balsojumos iespējami interešu konflikta veidi, ieskicētas iespējamās juridiskās stratēģijas to pārvaldīšanai. Dažādu kategoriju izveidošana un atbilstoša to pārraudzība ir piemērots līdzeklis to interešu konfliktu novēršanai, kuri rodas dažādiem kreditoriem tipisku interešu atšķirību dēļ. Ja interešu konflikta iemesls ir noteiktu kreditoru netipiskas intereses (piemēram, ar parādnieku saistītu kreditoru), vēlams iejaukties individuālā balsojuma līmenī. Šajā gadījumā intervencei individuālā balsojuma līmenī vajadzētu būt ierobežošanai, nevis balsošanas aizliegumam, īpaši tāpēc, ka balsošanas aizliegums interešu konflikta atklāšanas rezultātā var radīt nevēlamu iznākumu (pārmērīgs vai nepietiekams prevencijas līdzeklis). Tā vietā, ja kreditors var balsot, neraugoties uz interešu konfliktu, un tiesai ir atļauts kontrolēt šī kreditora balsojuma pamatotību (t. i., tā lēmuma pamatotību, kas pieņemts, pateicoties šī kreditora balsojumam) tikai tad, kad šis balsojums ir izšķirošs, visi interešu konflikta gadījumi, pat visnenozīmīgākie, tiek pārtverti, savukārt pušu autonomija tiek upurēta tikai visnopietnākajos gadījumos, t. i., kad interešu konflikta rezultātā pieņemts kaitniecisks lēmums. atslēgvārdi: pārstrukturēšanas sistēmas, kreditoru balsojums, interešu konflikts, tiesiskās aizsardzības līdzekļi Summary The paper addresses the issue of the conflict of interest in the creditors' vote in the preventive restructuring frameworks. The focus is on the Italian restructuring system, in a comparative perspective with the U.S. and German one (also taking into account the European Union Directive on restructuring frameworks). After having outlined the main factors influencing the matter, the different types of conflict of interest in the creditors' vote are described (conflict between interests that are typical of creditors as such and conflict between typical interest(s) of creditors as such and a creditor's atypical interest). Therefore, the possible legal strategies to manage them are outlined (class formation,
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