Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world, affecting more
than 60 million people globally. In order to reduce the progression of the disease, both
medical and surgical treatments are used. Frequent side effects of both treatments include a
range of modifications of the ocular surface grouped as the Ocular Surface Disease (OSD),
which include Dry Eye Disease (DED). DED and other OSD negatively impact on the success
of anti-glaucoma treatments and reduce the adherence to medical therapies. Tear film
osmolarity (TFO) is a relatively novel test which has become a hallmark of DED. The aim
of this paper was to review the association between OSD, DED and glaucoma in view of
published TFO data, and to discuss future fields of research and treatments on the topic of
glaucoma iatrogenic damage.
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