Covid-19 has now spread extremely worldwide. World still fighting against Covid-19, as well as vaccination programs. The problem to get one of the existing vaccines, it is required first to carry out a vaccination eligibility screening test, then usually carried out with traditional form method by the healthcare staff. Seeing the development of an expert system that can be used as an alternative for health workers to help reduce the number of Covid-19 suppression so that it does not spread to health workers, because after all, someone who will vaccinate Covid-19 must be in good health, this is related to the pre-vaccination procedure. We proposed the expert system with forward-chaining method. The result is the dataset (rules collection) of an expert system based on a forward-chaining inference machine for administering all Covid-19 vaccines.

<p>Peran sistem pakar dapat membantu seorang ahli memecahkan masalah di bidang tertentu. Salah satu manfaat dari sistem ahli adalah bahwa ia digunakan untuk mendiagnosis penyakit tertentu atau gejala suatu penyakit. Faktor kepastian (<em>certainty factor</em>) memiliki aturan penting untuk sistem pakar dengan spesialisasi ini. Penyakit tiroid dikorelasikan dengan gangguan psikologis. Dewasa ini, banyak masyarakat masih memanfaatkan tumbuhan sebagai obat-obatan tradisional, dalam kajian ilmu biologi disebut sebagai etnobiologi. Beberapa pengobatan tanaman tradisional untuk penyakit tiroid juga digunakan masyarakat. Namun, belum ditemukannya sistem pakar untuk mendiagnosis penyakit tiroid dengan gejala-gejala psikologis beserta saran tanaman obatnya. Studi ini bertujuan menerapkan sistem pakar untuk mendiagnosis penyakit tiroid dengan gejala psikologis dan saran pengobatan tradisionalnya. Penelitian ini juga mengusulkan aplikasi sistem pakar berbasis Android yang dapat diimplementasikan bagi dokter. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode faktor kepastian dengan inferensi persentase tingkat kepercayaan dan saran tanaman obat tradisional yang bisa digunakan. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dokter dan studi literatur relevan untuk data etnobotani. Validasi sistem dilakukan oleh dokter dan ahli botani. Hasilnya adalah sistem pakar ini mampu memberikan validitas di atas 90% untuk penyakit tiroid dan dapat digunakan dokter untuk membantu mendiagnosis pasien dengan indikasi penyakit tiroid beserta gejala-gejala psikologisnya.</p><p> </p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstract"><em>The role of an expert system can help an expert solve problems in a particular field. One of the benefits of the expert system is that it is used to diagnose a specific disease or symptom of a disease. The certainty factor has important rules for the system of experts with this specialty. Thyroid disease is correlated with psychological disorders. Nowadays, many people still use plants as traditional medicines, in the study of biological sciences it is referred to as ethnobiology. Some folk plant treatments for thyroid disease are also used by the public. However, there has not been a finding of an expert system for diagnosing thyroid disease with psychological symptoms along with suggestions for medicinal plants. The study aims to apply an expert system for diagnosing thyroid disease with its psychological symptoms and traditional treatment advice. This study also proposes an Android-based expert system application that can be implemented for doctors. The research method uses the method of certainty factor with inference of the percentage of the level of trust and suggestions of traditional medicinal plants that can be used. Data collection through physician interviews and literature studies is relevant for ethnobotanical data. Validation of the system is carried out by doctors and botanists. The result is that this expert system is able to provide validity above 90% for thyroid disease and can be used by doctors to help diagnose patients with indications of thyroid disease and their psychological symptoms.</em></p><p><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>

Trigona sp. is a stingless bee species that is widely distributed in tropical countries. It has castes in thecolony, i.e. queen, worker, and male bee. Despite its size, Trigona sp. can produce high-quality commoditiessuch as honey, propolis, and bee pollen. However, it is a vulnerable species since it’s pretty easy to be predatedby several predators and has a relatively short lifespan. In addition, there are still few mathematical studiesthat discuss the population dynamics of Trigona sp. Thus, in this study, we construct a mathematical modelof the Trigona sp. population in the form of a dynamical system. The model is a nine-dimensional non-lineardifferential equation that is constructed based on the stages in the bee population, namely the stages of eggs,larvae, and adult bees from each colony except the queen colony. Coexistence analysis, stability of equilibria, and also the death parameter sensitivity analysis are carried out in two scenarios. The first scenario is a situation where none of the workers die so that the food supply at the larval stage is sufficient. Meanwhile, the second scenario is a more common situation where some worker bees die from exhaustion resulting in an insufficient food supply for the larvae stage. Stable coexistence of all sub-structures and structural dependence on the foraging behavior of the workers are shown. All the results will be presented in numerical simulation. From the results of the coexistence and stability analysis, bee farmers can maintain food availability by increasing the number of workers in a colony, or providing food sources with high contains nectar and propolis at a relatively close distance to reduce the death of worker bees.