SUMMARYRice husk ash (RHA) is a by-product from the burning of rice husk that can have favorable effects on the soil in terms of acidity correction. The objectives of this study were to determine the effective calcium carbonate equivalent (ECC) of RHA under field conditions, and establish technical criteria as a basis for estimating the overall ECC of RHA. The 12 treatments of the experiment consisted of 10 RHA dosages (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 Mg ha -1 ) and two references, one of which was an absolute control (AC) and the other a plot limed and fertilized according to official recommendations (recommended fertilization -RF). The soil was sampled twice (15 and 210 days after incorporating RHA), in the layers 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m, to determine the pH(H 2 O) and base saturation (V%). The ECC and neutralizing value (NV) of RHA were also determined. The results showed that RHA neutralizes soil acidity, in a faster reaction than conventional limestone, despite a low ECC (around 3 %).Index terms: acidity correction, neutralizing value, effective calcium carbonate equivalent. RESUMO: CINZA DE CASCA DE ARROZ COMO CORRETIVO DE ACIDEZ DO SOLOA cinza de casca de arroz (CCA) é produzida a partir da queima da casca de arroz proveniente dos processos de beneficiamento, podendo apresentar efeitos favoráveis sobre a correção da acidez no solo. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram quantificar o poder relativo de neutralização total (PRNT) da CCA em condições de campo e elaborar critérios técnicos que sirvam de base para a estimativa do PRNT das CCAs em geral. O experimento foi constituído por 12 tratamentos compostos por 10 dosagens de CCA equivalentes a 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 e 140 Mg ha -1 e duas referências, sendo uma testemunha absoluta (TA) e outra com calagem e adubação recomendada (AR). Foram realizadas duas amostragens de solo aos 15 e 210 dias, após a incorporação da CCA, nas camadas de 0,00-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m para a determinação do pH(H 2 O), e da saturação por bases (V%). Também foram determinados o PRNT e o poder de neutralização (PN) da CCA. Os resultados evidenciaram que a cinza de casca de arroz atua como corretivo de acidez de solo, reagindo mais rápido que o calcário convencional, mas apresentando PRNT baixo, da ordem de 3 %.Termos de indexação: correção de acidez, poder de neutralização, poder relativo de neutralização total.
SUMMARYOne of the largest strawberry-producing municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) is Turuçu, in the South of the State. The strawberry production system adopted by farmers is similar to that used in other regions in Brazil and in the world. The main difference is related to the soil management, which can change the soil chemical properties during the strawberry cycle. This study had the objective of assessing the spatial and temporal distribution of soil fertility parameters using principal component analysis (PCA). Soil sampling was based on topography, dividing the field in three thirds: upper, middle and lower. From each of these thirds, five soil samples were randomly collected in the 0-0.20 m layer, to form a composite sample for each third. Four samples were taken during the strawberry cycle and the following properties were determined: soil organic matter (OM), soil total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), soil pH (pH), cation exchange capacity (CEC) at pH 7.0, soil base (V%) and soil aluminum saturation(m%). No spatial variation was observed for any of the studied soil fertility parameters in the strawberry fields and temporal variation was only detected for available K. Phosphorus and K contents were always high or very high from the beginning of the strawberry cycle, while pH values ranged from very low to very high. Principal component analysis allowed the clustering of all strawberry fields based on variables related to soil acidity and organic matter content.Index terms: Fragaria x ananassa Duch, soil fertility, multivariate analysis, temporal variability.(
ABSTRACT:The combustion of rice husk generates a partially burnt mixture called rice husk ash (RHA) that can be used as a source of nutrients to crops and as a conditioner of soil physical properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of RHA levels on the hydro-physical properties of a Typic Hapludult. The experimental design was composed of random blocks with four replications, which comprised plots of 24 m 2 and treatments with increasing RHA rates: 0, 40, 80 and 120 Mg ha -1. Undisturbed soil samples were collected in the soil layers of 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m after nine months of RHA application, using steel cylinders (0.03 m of height and 0.047 m of diameter). These samples were used to determine soil bulk density (Bd), total soil porosity (TP), soil macroporosity (Ma), soil microporosity (Mi) and the available water capacity (AWC). Disturbed soil samples were collected to determine the stability of soil aggregates in water, mean weight diameter of water stable aggregates (MWD), and soil particle size distribution. The results show that, as the RHA rate increased in the soil, Bd values decreased and TP, Ma and MWD values increased. No effect of RHA was found on Mi and AWC values. The effects of RHA on the S parameter (Dexter, 2004), precompression stress and compression index (Dias Junior and Pierce, 1995) values are consistent those shown for density and total porosity. Rice husk ash was shown to be an efficient residue to improve soil physical properties, mainly at rates between 40 and 80 Mg ha -1 . Rice husk ash reduces bulk density and increases total porosity, macroporosity and soil aggregation, but does not affect microporosity, field capacity, permanent wilting point, and available water capacity of the soil. The effect of rice husk ash on the S parameter, precompression stress and index compressibility coefficient values are consistent with those observed for the bulk density and total porosity.
O fósforo (P) é um nutriente limitante para a produção agrícola. Oriundo de fontes não renováveis, estudos que apontem materiais alternativos que forneçam P pode ter grande importância num futuro próximo. Neste sentido, a cinza de casca de arroz surge como uma opção viável devido a sua composição, rica em silício (Si), que pode promover aumento na disponibilidade de P no solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito residual da cinza de casca de arroz na disponibilidade de silício e fósforo no solo. Para tal, foi realizado um experimento de campo constituído por dez dosagens de cinza de casca de arroz 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 e 140 t ha-1 onde foi realizada uma amostragem de solo aos 15 dias após a aplicação (daa) da cinza, nas camadas de 0,00-0,10 m e 0,10-0,20 m. Para a determinação do efeito residual utilizou-se quatro doses de CCA do experimento inicial referentes a 0, 30, 60 e 120 t ha-1 de onde foram realizadas mais quatro coletas aos 211, 400, 517 e 804 daa. O fósforo disponível foi determinado através do método do extrator duplo ácido (Mehlich-1) enquanto que o Si foi determinado pelo método que utiliza o ácido acético como extrator. Os resultados indicaram que a cinza de casca de arroz aumenta as disponibilidades de P e Si no solo; o aumento do Si disponível no solo, extraível pelo ácido acético, equivale a uma fração de no máximo 0,08 % de Si total da CCA; o efeito residual da CCA na disponibilidade de silício é maior do que na disponibilidade de fósforo; como fonte de fósforo o efeito residual da CCA é menor do que o de fertilizantes minerais solúveis como superfosfatos acidulados e, é possível que a CCA promova a lixiviação de fósforo em solos com baixa capacidade de adsorção do nutriente.
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