Epilepsy is a neural disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Bang-sensitive Drosophila represent an important model for studying epilepsy and neuronal excitability. Previous work identified the bang-sensitive gene slamdance (sda) as an allele of the aminopeptidase N gene. Here we show through extensive genetic analysis, including recombination frequency, deficiency mapping, transposon insertion complementation testing, RNA interference (RNAi), and genetic rescue that the gene responsible for the seizure sensitivity is julius seizure (jus), formerly CG14509, which encodes a novel transmembrane domain protein. We also describe more severe genetic alleles of jus. RNAi-mediated knockdown of jus revealed that it is required only in neurons and not glia, and that partial bang-sensitivity is caused by knockdown in GABAergic or cholinergic but not glutamatergic neurons. RNAi knockdown of jus at the early pupal stages leads to strong seizures in adult animals, implicating that stage as critical for epileptogenesis. A C-terminal-tagged version of Jus was generated from a fosmid genomic clone. This fosmid fusion rescued the bang-sensitive phenotype and was expressed in the optic lobes and the subesophageal and thoracic abdominal ganglia. The protein was primarily localized in axons, especially in the neck connectives, extending into the thoracic abdominal ganglion.

A complete detection, management, and control security system is absolutely essential to preempting criminal and terrorist assaults on key assets and critical infrastructure. According to Tom Ridge, former Secretary of the US Department of Homeland Security, "Voluntary efforts alone are not sufficient to provide the level of assurance Americans deserve and they must take steps to improve security." Further, it is expected that Congress will mandate private sector investment of over $20 billion in infrastructure protection between 2007 and 2015, which is incremental to funds currently being allocated to key sites by the department of Homeland Security.Nearly 500,000 individual sites have been identified by the US Department of Homeland Security as critical infrastructure sites that would suffer severe and extensive damage if a security breach should occur. In fact, one major breach in any of 7,000 critical infrastructure facilities threatens more than 10,000 people. And one major breach in any of 123 facilities -identified as "most critical" among the 500,000 -threatens more than 1,000,000 people. Current visible, nightvision or near infrared imaging technology alone has limited foul-weather viewing capability, poor nighttime performance, and limited nighttime range. And many systems today yield excessive false alarms, are managed by fatigued operators, are unable to manage the voluminous data captured, or lack the ability to pinpoint where an intrusion occurred.In our 2006 paper, "Critical Infrastructure Security Confidence Through Automated Thermal Imaging", we showed how a highly effective security solution can be developed by integrating what are now available "next-generation technologies" which include:• Thermal imaging for the highly effective detection of intruders in the dark of night and in challenging weather conditions at the sensor imaging level -we refer to this as the passive thermal sensor level detection building block • Automated software detection for creating initial alerts -we refer to this as software level detection, the next level building block • Immersive 3D visual assessment for situational awareness and to manage the reaction process -we refer to this as automated intelligent situational awareness, a third building block • Wide area command and control capabilities to allow control from a remote location -we refer to this as the management and process control building block integrating together the lower level building elements.In addition, this paper describes three live installations of complete, total systems that incorporate visible and thermal cameras as well as advanced video analytics. Discussion of both system elements and design is extensive.

With terrorist threats continuing to be a top concern at critical infrastructure sites, a complete detection, management, and control system is imperative for providing the confidence that the site has put all possible measures in place to prevent unthinkable disasters from occurring.When used together, powerful technologies provide complementary services from image detection through to control room decision making and can be thought of as stepping blocks in creating a highly-effective security system. By integrating the highest standard technologies at each step, the complete system is the most powerful addition to security systems.• Thermal imaging is unsurpassed at detecting intruders in the dark of night and in challenging weather conditions at the sensor imaging level • Automated software detection creates an initial alert • Immersive 3D visual assessment is used for situational awareness and to manage the reaction process • Wide area command and control capabilities allow control from a remote location

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