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ACHIEVEMENT ACADEMIC Summer 1982 Volume 17 Number 4 Aitken, Norman D. College Student . Mormance, Satisfaction and Retention: Speciflcatlon and Estlmatlon of a Structural Model. Journal of Higher Education, 1982.53 (January/ February) pp. 32-50.A four-equation structural model of student satisfaction, performance, and retention for a single institution was applied to data obtained from 892 first-year students who entered the University of Massachusetts in fall 1977. The data included first-year grade-point average (GPA). Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores, high school rank, and student responses to a questionnaire on academic, social, and living experiences. Least squares regression analysis revealed that academic performance (actual GPA) was the best predictor of retention in the first equation, followed by satisfaction with th: residential living experience and with the academic experience. Expected academic performance was the most important predictor of academic satisfaction in the second equation. followed by course satisfaction, isolation (negatively related), and satisfaction with major. In the third equation, positive peer group contact was the most important predictor of living satisfaction, followed by satisfaction with roommate and dormitory physical condition and all-women dormitory (negatively related). In equation four, intellectual ability, motivation, and academic skills (measured by high school rank and SAT scores) were the most important predictors of academic performance.-At a large public university, 90 undergraduate students in five educational psychology classes were randomly assigned to one of six groups: study with expected multiple-choice test, study with expected short-answer test, study with test expected but not given, study with no test expected or given, study with unexpected multiple-choice test, and study with unexpected short-answer test. Six weeks after the two-week study, all of the students completed the two experimental short-answer and multiple-choice tests and evaluated their instructors.

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