Aim: To determine the relationship between the chemical composition of saliva, periodontal disease and dental calculus. Methods: An observational analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with patients over 55 years of age. Ethical principles of autonomy and risk protection were applied according to the international standards. Sociodemographic and diagnosis variables (presence of dental calculus and periodontal status) were considered to measure salivary concentrations of glucose (by the glucose oxidase/peroxidase method, amylase (by the colorimetric test), urea (by the amount of indophenol), total protein (by the Bradford method) and albumin (by the nephelometric method). Patients chewed a sterile rubber band and 3 mL of stimulated saliva were collected. The samples were stored at-5 °C, centrifuged at 2,800 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatant was removed and stored at-20 °C. Data were presented as frequencies and proportions for qualitative variables and measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables. Data were analyzed by either analysis of variance or Kruskal Wallis test. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Significant relationships were observed between the concentration of salivary urea and periodontal status (p = 0.03) and the presence of dental calculus and urea (p = 0.04) was demonstrated. Conclusions: A relationship between the salivary urea concentration and the presence of periodontal disease and dental calculus is suggested.

RESUMENLa saliva es un líquido que humedece la cavidad bucal y es secretado por las glándulas salivales. Dentro de sus propiedades fundamentales se encuentran la protección de la mucosa bucal y dientes, defensa a través de las lisozimas, cooperación en la digestión, regulación del pH por su función de tampón al evitar las lesiones producidas por el exceso de bases y ácidos y la limpieza de la boca a través de los movimientos masticatorios, que se pueden efectuar por la humectación de la saliva. Una disfunción salival como la misma reducción en la cantidad de secreción o los cambios en las concentraciones químicas como parte de las propiedades de la saliva son responsables de una gran cantidad de problemas bucales que pueden tener un impacto directo en el estado general de la salud del paciente. Por lo tanto, es importante conocer tanto las características como las propiedades físico-químicas de la saliva, objetivo de esta revisión. [Hernández AA, Aranzazu GC. Características y propiedades físico-químicas de la saliva: una revisión. Ustasalud 2012; 11: -] Palabras clave: Saliva, Glándulas salivales, Acidificación CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SALIVA: A REVIEW ABSTRACTSaliva is a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, which moistens the mouth. Among the fundamental properties are protection of the oral mucosa and teeth, defense through lysozyme, cooperation in digestion, regulation of pH by function buffer, preventing injuries from excess acids and bases, and cleaning of the mouth through chewing movements that can be effected by wetting of the saliva. Salivary dysfunction as the same reduction in the amount of secretion, or changes in chemical concentrations as part of the properties of saliva, is responsible for a large amount of oral and dental problems associated, which have a direct impact on the general health status of the patient. Therefore, it is important to know the characteristics and physicochemical properties of saliva focus of this review. Key words: Saliva, Salivary glands, BuffersRecibido para publicación: septiembre 19 de 2012. Aceptado para publicación: diciembre 13 de 2012. INTRODUCCIÓNLa saliva es un líquido que humedece la cavidad bucal, es secretada por todas las glándulas salivales [1][2][3][4] más específicamente de las glándulas salivales mayores en el 93% de su volumen y de las menores en el 7% restante, las cuales se extienden por todas las regiones de la boca excepto en la encía y en la porción anterior del paladar duro. Es estéril cuando sale de las glándulas salivales, pero deja de serlo inmediatamente cuando se mezcla con el fluido crevicular, restos alimenticios, microorganismos y cé-lulas descamadas de la mucosa oral. 5La saliva se define como una secreción mixta producto de la mezcla de los fluidos provenientes de las glándulas salivales mayores, de las glándulas salivales menores y del fluido crevicular. Contiene agua, mucina, proteínas, sales, enzimas, además de bacterias que normalmente residen en la cavidad bucal, células planas producto de la descamaci...

Aim: To evaluate glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2). Methods: Twenty subjects diagnosed with periodontitis and DM-2 were treated using an NSPT protocol. Periodontal examination and blood measurements were performed at baseline and after three months. Patients with DM-2 treated for at least a year, with at least 10 teeth and with probing depths between 4-6 mm in more than three regions were included. The variables evaluated were HbA1c in blood and periodontal measures (probing depths, insertion level, gingival bleeding on probing, dental plaque, calculus, inflammation, clinical attachment and mobility). All patients were informed of the conditions of the therapy used. Scaling and root planning (SRP) of the full mouth was performed using an ultrasonic scaler and hand instrument under local anesthesia, supragingival prophylaxis and oral hygiene instruction. Also, 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate was formulated twice a day for two weeks. Statistical analyses were performed using StataIC 14. The values are shown as the mean, median and standard deviation (SD) or interquartile rank (IR), and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Twenty subjects completed the three-month follow-up and were included in the analysis. Three months after the non-surgical periodontal treatment, most periodontal parameters had a meaningful reduction (p< 0.05) and a large effect size >0.8. Clinical attachment level showed no improvement. The HbA1c values were not significantly decreased (p=0.94). Conclusions: Although non-surgical periodontal therapy eliminates local inflammation, it is insufficient to significantly reduce HbA1c levels in a short time period.

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RESUMENObjetivo: establecer las necesidades de tratamiento bucal y su influencia en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal en el adulto mayor. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en adultos mayores institucionalizados de seis hogares geriátricos del municipio de Floridablanca, Santander (Colombia). Se establecieron las necesidades de tratamiento según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal según la versión en español del Geriatric Oral Health Assesment Index (GOHAI). Se obtuvieron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para las variables cuantitativas y proporciones para las cualitativas. También, se realizó un test de Chi 2 o Exacto de Fisher según correspondiera. Un valor de p ≤ 0,05 fue considerado significativo. Resultados: de los 111 adultos mayores examinados, el 62,2% necesitaba tratamiento especial por su enfermedad sistémica. El 13,5%, requería intervención de tejidos con manejo clínico mientras que el 37,8% de la población necesitaba un tratamiento especial por flujo salival. El 44,4%, requería raspaje y alisado radicular a campo cerrado y un manejo preventivo con educación en higiene bucal en el 86,5%. Las frecuencias de auto percepción y calidad de vida no mostraron una asociación estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: las tres principales necesidades de tratamiento en su orden fueron: educación en higiene bucal, tratamiento especial por enfermedad sistémica y tratamiento periodontal. Las necesidades de tratamiento fueron más importantes en los pacientes con bajos puntajes de calidad de vida según el GOHAI, pero no se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa. ORAL TREATMENT NEEDS AND OLDER PEOPLE'S QUALITY OF LIFE ABSTRACTObjective: to assess the oral treatment needs and its effect on oral health related quality of life in older adults. Methods: a cross sectional study in six elderly nursing home care from the city of Floridablanca, Santander (Colombia) was done. Treatment needs were established according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the oral health related quality of life according to the Spanish version of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables and proportions for qualitative ones were obtained. Chi 2 test or Fisher's Exact was used as appropriate. A value of p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: of the 111 seniors surveyed, 62.2% needed special treatment for systemic diseases. 13.5% required intervention by clinical management while 37.8% of the population needed special treatment for salivary flow. 44.4 % required deep scaling and root planning and oral hygiene education was needed in 86.5%. The frequencies of self-perception and oral health related quality of life did not show any statistically significant association. Conclusions: the three main treatment needs in their order were oral hygiene education, special treatment for systemic disease and periodontal treatment. Trea...