No abstract

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is considered one of the most important human pathogens, and its levels of resistance to methicillin have increased even in strains isolated from people without nosocomial risk factors. Molecular analysis is essential for understanding the patterns of dissemination. The objective of this study was to identify community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) clones that infected Paraguayan children patients in two periods of time. Methodology: An observational, descriptive study was designed to determine the genetic variability of 115 isolates of CA-MRSA recovered from children who attended four reference centers in Paraguay between 2009-2010 and 2012-2013. Results: The combined use of Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), Multi-Locus Sequencing Typing, Multi-Locus Variable Analysis (MLVA) and Spa typing techniques allowed the identification of two dominant clones: ST30-IV-t019 (77%) and ST5-IV-t311 (10%), and the establishment of the former as the leading cause of CA-MRSA infections in children during the study period. Conclusions: This is the first study that provides epidemiological information as well as microbiological and molecular characteristics of CA-MRSA isolates recovered from children from Asunción and the Central Department of Paraguay.

High and increasing rates of isolates resistant to TMP-SMZ and erythromycin were observed, as well as a decreasing percentage of isolates resistant to chloramphenicol. These trends highlight differences among the countries studied.

No abstract

Se describe la frecuencia de aislamientos de S. pneumoniae causante de enfermedad neumocócica invasiva (ENI) en adultos, la distribución de los serotipos y su sensibilidad antimicrobiana en Paraguay durante el periodo 2013-2018.Se trata de un estudio descriptivo observacional retrospectivo de corte transversal en el que se estudiaron un total de 269 cepas de S. pneumoniae aisladas en líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) (76/269), líquido pleural (174/269) y hemocultivo 19/269), provenientes de los diferentes centros centinelas y colaboradores de la vigilancia de meningitis y neumonías bacterianas en Paraguay durante el periodo 2013 a setiembre de 2018.Se halló que el 28.0% de los casos correspondieron a meningitis bacteriana aguda (MBA) (76/269), 65.0% a neumonías (174/269) y 7.0% a sepsis (19/269). Se observó una mayor frecuencia de casos en adultos mayores de 60 años en MBA 29.0%, en neumonías 46.0% y en sepsis 42.0%. Los serotipos más frecuentes fueron el 3 con 13.0% (34/269), el 19A 10.0% (26/269), el 14 con 5.0% (12/269), el 12F con 4.0% (11/269) y los NT con 6.0% (16/269). Se encontraron 43/269 (15.0%) serotipos incluidos en la PCV10, 118/269 (44.0%) incluidos en la PCV13 y 165/269 (61.0%) incluidos en la PCV23. En los casos de meningitis se detectaron 20 aislamientos de S. pneumoniae resistentes a penicilina (38.5%).Se concluye que es necesaria una vigilancia epidemiológica continua para evaluar la carga de enfermedad y medir la efectividad de la vacuna en esta población para comprender la plena magnitud de la ENI en Paraguay, incluyendo su impacto económico, y definir estrategias eficaces para prevenirla.