Aim: The objective of the study was to report the progressive complications of hip joint disease in a population of sickle cell. Materials and Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study from 2002 to 2008: A case of 31 sickle cell subjects having presented an advanced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. All the patients benefited from an arthroplasty in adulthood with a radiographic monitoring in immediate post operative before and after one year. The sickle cell subjects were compared to a non sickle cell control group of 37 patients according to the same criteria. The analysis had included considerations of the environment and the position of the prosthetic parts, as well as additional modifications. The types of complications and the moment at which they occur were indexed and analyzed using a statistical test of FISHER with a threshold of significance level p < 0.05. Results: The average age of sickle cell patients was 35 years and non sickle cell disease sufferers, 51, with a male predominance. Indications for surgery were dominated by coxarthroses, 31 cases (100%) in sickle cell disease sufferers and 17 cases (46%) among the control group. All our patients underwent a radiological control in the immediate postoperative. They were fewer between 6 months and 1 year (19%). The immediate complications were dominated by fractures 2 cases in non sickle cell disease sufferers. The complications before one year were marked by a predominance of dislocation, 3 cases in the non sickle cell population against 2 cases in sickle cell population. The loosening were the most observed complications in both populations after a year and more (5 cases in sickle cell disease sufferers and 6 cases in non sickle cell disease sufferers). Conclusion: The evolutionary complications of joint replacements in sickle cell subjects are not more frequent than in non sickle cell subjects.