Errors are ubiquitous in organizational life and have both positive and negative consequences for organizational performance. Given its importance, we have developed a moderated mediated model to analyze the impact of organizational error management culture on organizational performance by extending error management and share cognition theory. The newly developed model was tested in the service industry of Pakistan. The sample size of the study was 300 employees with a response rate of 96%. The data was collected through a web-based questionnaire. The constructs used in the study were adapted from earlier established scales and measures. Smart PLS was used to test the structural model. Consistent with our hypotheses, the results show that error management culture is positively related to organizational performance and this relationship is mediated by organizational learning from errors and innovative work behavior. The results further demonstrated that perceived psychological safety moderated the direct relationship between organizational learning from errors and error management culture in such a way that relationship is stronger when perceived psychological safety is high. The current study extends the relevant literature and has significant implications for management, theory, and research. For instance, perceived psychological safety in earlier studies has been used as a mediator while we have used it as a moderator. In addition, we tested multi mediation (i.e., organizational learning from errors and innovative work behavior) to empirically validate the relationship of error management culture and organizational performance

Livelihood depends upon development, which directly or indirectly needs intervention of Government, NGOs and Community Organizations, etc. Diversification widens people’s options, encourages spatially diverse transactions, increases cash in circulation in rural areas, and enhances human capital by providing those who diversify with new skills and experiences. People living in country are highly skilled can transform the available resources into something usable for consumption. Microcredit programmes have brought the vibrancy of the market economy to the poorest villages and the people of the World. This business approach to alleviation of poverty has allowed millions of individuals to work their way out of poverty with dignity. The contribution made by livelihood diversification to rural livelihoods is a significant one, which has often been ignored by policy makers. As Pakistan is also a developing country, that is why, we need to identify reasons. To keep these things in mind attempt has been made to identify the reasons of poverty as special objective; and to identify strategies made by country for the reduction of poverty and its consequences. This study is an exploratory research.

<p>The objective of the study is to examine the long-term relationship between gold prices and KSE-100 index of the Karachi stock market Pakistan. For the foreign and domestic capital investors, it is assumed that the gold is the safest heaven for making investment. On the other handstock markets are considered highly volatile. This study uses monthly data of two hundred forty eight months from October 1993 to May 2014. Time-series data of both variables Karachi Stock Exchange 100 index (KSE-100) and gold prices have been collected from the official website of Karachi stock market and Forex.com. To achieve the aims of the study, several econometric tests have been applied such as unit root test by using Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, Johnson Co-integration test and Vector Auto-regressive Model (VAR). This study finds that there is no long-run relationship between KSE 100 index and gold prices. It is concluded investors should not consider KSE 100 index and gold prices as close alternatives rather they should make their decisions on subjective knowledge by aligning them with empirical evidence. While making decisions about gold prices last month’s price must be taken into consideration because current gold price is significantly influenced by last month’s gold price. Whilst making decision regarding KSE 100 index last two months’ fluctuations taken into consideration.</p>

Errors are ubiquitous in organizational life and adversely affects organizational performance, creates negative publicity, damage organizational image and customer satisfaction. In view of its importance, we have developed a moderated mediated model to analyze the impact of organizational error management culture and organizational performance by extending error management and share cognition theory. The newly developed model was tested in the service industry of Pakistan. The sample size of the study was 300 employees with a response rate of 96%. The data was collected through a web-based questionnaire. The constructs used in the study were adapted from earlier established scales and measures. Smart PLS was used to test the structural model. The results show that error management culture has a significant positive effect on organizational performance. Moreover, we found organizational learning from errors and innovative work behavior mediates the association of error management culture and organizational performance. Furthermore, we found that perceived psychological safety moderated the direct relationship between organizational learning from errors and error management culture. The current study has significant implications for management, theory, and research. For instance, perceived psychological safety in earlier studies has been used as a mediator while we have used it as a moderator. In addition, we tested multi mediation (i.

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