Straipsnyje analizuojamas mokėjimas mokytis kaip žmogaus funkcinės veiklos dėmuo jo visą gyvenimą trunkančiame mokymosi procese. Pabrėžiama, jog jau ikimokyklinio ugdymo etape šis mokėjimas yra svarbus. Straipsnyje atskleidžiama probleminė mokėjimo mokytis sampratos suvoktis, ją paaiškinantys komponentai. Suprantant, jog mokėjimo mokytis akcentavimas ir ugdymo projektavimas ikimokyklinių įstaigų programose (Curriculum) užima svarbią vietą, buvo atlikta ikimokyklinių įstaigų ugdymo programų analizė. Ji atskleidė mokėjimo mokytis situaciją ir išryškino, jog įstaigų parengtose programose (Curriculum) atsispindi įvairi mokėjimo mokytis ugdymo(si) praktika. Tai leidžia įžvelgti skirtingą požiūrį į mokėjimo mokytis ugdymą. Pastebėta, jog įstaigų programose (Curriculum) stinga sistemingos ir vientisos prieigos modeliuojant vaikų mokėjimo mokytis ugdymo(si) procesą.
Šiuolaikiniame, vis labiau globalizacijos veikiamame pasaulyje žmogui būtina greitai prisitaikyti prie sparčiai besikeičiančių aplinkos sąlygų. Vykstantys pokyčiai skatina nuolatinį ir nenutrūkstamą visuomenės ir asmens tobulėjimo procesą. Norint užtikrinti, kad šis procesas vyktų sklandžiai, labai svarbios tampa mokymosi visą gyvenimą nuostatos. Kiekvienas žmogus turėtų sugebėti mokytis individualiai, analizuoti, reflektuoti savo patirtį, siekti profesinių žinių. Kad šis procesas būtų sistemingas ir nuoseklus, individui būtina gerai įvaldyti mokėjimo mokytis įgūdžius ir šiuos įgūdžius pradėti ugdyti jau ikimokykliniame amžiuje. Ikimokyklinio amžiaus prioritetas mokymosi mokytis visą gyvenimą kontekste išryškinamas daugelyje Europos Sąjungos dokumentų; tai akcentuojama ir šiandienos Lietuvoje parengtų dokumentų, apimančių ikimokyklinį ir priešmokyklinį ugdymą, tekstuose. Remiantis analizuotais Lietuvos švietimo politikos dokumentais galima teigti, jog tiesiogiai ikimokyklinio ugdymo etapas mokymosi mokytis kontekste menkai akcentuojamas, tačiau šio etapo reikšmingumą galima identifikuoti aptariant visų švietimo lygių svarbą, kai kalbama apie asmens poreikį ir mokėjimą mokytis visą gyvenimą. Atliktų Europos Sąjungos ir Lietuvos dokumentų analizė sudaro galimybę imtis išsamesnės mokėjimo mokytis ikimokykliniame ir (ar) priešmokykliniame ugdymo etape analizės teoriniu ir praktiniu lygmenimis, siekti kokybiškesnio mokėjimo mokytis ugdymo(si) įgyvendinimo.
STEAM education inspires children to engage in creative activities, research, enriches their play experience, and should be integrated already at the preschool level, as this level provides the best return on an individual’s motivation and ensures his further development. The article discusses the LEGO education methodology and its benefits in promoting the learning of STEAM subjects. The research aim is to reveal teachers’ views about the development of STEAM skills of preschool children using innovative LEGO education methodology and tools. 12 pedagogues from preschool education institutions in Vilnius, Panevėžys and Telšiai participated in the study, during which pedagogues organized 10 educational activities with STEAM Park and Maker tools according to prepared plans. After each activity, pedagogues reflected on the benefits of the activity for the 4–6 years old children, their achievements, organizational successes, and difficulties. Discussing pedagogues’ reflections on the LEGO education methodology and the results of testing its’ tools allowed to reveal the unique benefits for the growth of children’s achievements such as teamwork, conflict management, leadership, problem solving, learning to learn. Pedagogues noted that the development of STEAM capabilities, active participation of children, learning through personal experience, and experimentation are emphasized. It is also remarkable that children willingly choose LEGO blocks during their free play, which shows the effectiveness and practical usefulness of this innovative methodology.
Nowadays natural science competence in education of preschool age children is increasingly highlighted as it gives not only the cognitive experience of nature, but also encourages children’s study, observation, experimentation activities; educates the right relationship between a child and nature. Both scientists and teachers promote the application of various games in order to organize interaction between a child and nature as well as to educate natural science competence. The observation study of preschool teachers showed that the education of natural science competence is very important, and the significance of natural sciences is associated with the knowledge of natural phenomena, animals and plants, the promotion of the feeling of natural beauty and the ability to observe nature. According to the majority of the respondents, very important aspects of natural science competence are the cognition of natural phenomena, plants and animals; the feeling of natural beauty, and the ability to observe nature. In addition, such expressions of this competence were pointed out as important: the understanding of plant growth and animal life, the education of environmental protection activity skills, the ability to use a variety of means of natural science, the perception of communication between the living and non-living nature. The experience of the vast majority of teachers showed that they describe the game as an activity where the child himself has the opportunity to discover, experience new and deepen existing knowledge of nature. According to them, while playing a child’s ability to think (to analyse, compare, classify) helps to build up the experience of living and non-living nature. The analysis revealed that many games are applied to educate the competence of natural science, but the most popular ones are games with various natural objects; didactic games; table and ecological games. Most teachers often play games in the group’s or institution’s environment (yards), sometimes in the unconventional environment. Game’s compliance with natural science education purposes, child’s age and experience; children’s needs, interests and ideas, and teachers’ competence in relation to games are the most important factors that determine the successful application of games in order to educate natural science competence. In relation to the importance of natural science competence and based on the results of the research analysis, it is possible to forecast the development of this competence through the greater variety of games of natural science content. Key words: preschool education, natural science competence, games, teachers’ experience.
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