Mangifera indica stem bark is traditionally used in management of fever especially in meru community of Kenya though its antipyretic activity is not yet evaluated. The present study aim was to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antipyretic activity of the methanolic extract of Mangifera indica. The standard methods were used to qualitatively analyze the phytochemicals revealing the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, quinones, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, phenols, coumarins, steroids and acids. Fever was induced by injecting distilled turpentine in the left dorsal hind paw of the rats. The test groups were treated by administering Mangifera indica extract in three dose levels of 50, 100 and 150mg/kg body weight. The rectal temperature was taken at an interval of one hour after treatment with plant extracts and the data obtained was analyzed using ANOVA to give the descriptive statistics and summarized data in terms of means ±SEM. This was followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for comparing the means separation. The data analysis was set at 95% confidence level with statistical significance of P ≤ 0.05. The data was analyzed and results presented in graphs and tables. The percentage change in rectal temperature of the 50, 100 and 150mg/kg body weight dose levels at 4th hours after administration of the plant extract were 3.13, 3.93 and 4.10% respectively. The result obtained from this research suggest that the methanolic stem bark extract of Mangifera indica could be used in management of fever associated with various diseases.

Khat is a psychostimulant and its use is gradually expanding worldwide. Khat is associated with health problems affecting the cardiovascular, respirator, reproductive and gastrointestinal systems. Effects of Khat on liver are not well documented. The study aim was to evaluate Khat extract effects on liver of mice. Khat alkaloids were extracted from fresh Khat shoots and leaves. The Khat extract were administered orally through intubation to seven groups of male albino mice, six weeks old with an average weight of 20-25g. Khat extract was administered in combination of 2ml tea, 2ml water, 2ml milk, 2ml coffee, 2ml coke, 2g patico sweet and 2g groundnut. To each group Khat extract was administered at a dosage of 2000mg/Kg/day. Two other groups were used as a negative and positive control. The negative control group consumed only rodent pellet and water. The positive control group was administered with indomethacin at a dosage of 2mg/Kg/day (as a twice dose per day). Before, during and at the end of the study, animal were monitored for morbidity and mortality. After thirty days of Khat extract oral administration, blood samples were collected from all animals for hematological and biochemical analysis. The biochemical analysis included the liver function tests such as serum aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and serum total bilirubin. The histological and cytological studies were done using H & E staining technique. There was an increased level of hepatorenal biochemical markers in all albino mice serum into which Khat extract was administered. The hepatorenal biochemical enzyme markers were more elevated in the positive control groups. The levels of hepatorenal biomarkers were within the normal range in the negative control group. There was a significant different between levels of hepatorenal biochemical enzymes biomarkers at p<0.05. There were signs of adverse effects of Khat on liver of mice.

Renal problems are currently on increase worldwide. Some factors suspected to be the cause of the renal problems are drug abuse. Hence, this study investigated possible renal toxicity effect of Khat in male albino mice. Khat alkaloids were extracted from fresh Khat shoots and leaves. The Khat extract were administered orally through intubation. Accordingly, forty- five albino mice (20 – 25g) were distributed randomly into nine groups (n = 5). Negative controls (NCs) received purely distilled water. Positive controls (PCs) received indomethacin at a dosage of 2mg/Kg/day as a twice dose per day. Test groups received Khat extract administered in combination of 2ml tea, 2ml water, 2ml milk, 2ml coffee, 2ml coke, 2g patico sweet and 2g groundnut. To each test group Khat extract was administered at a dosage of 2000mg/Kg/day for four weeks. Blood samples were collected from all animals for biochemical analysis after four weeks which included the renal function tests such as serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. The histological and cytological studies were done using H&E staining technique. There was an increased level of renal biochemical markers in all albino mice serum exposed to Khat extract. There was a significant different between levels of renal biochemical enzymes biomarkers at p<0.05. There were signs of adverse effects of Khat on kidney of mice.