Quercetin was assessed for its antihyperglycemic effect in fructose-streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The oral administration of quercetin at the dosage of 25 and 50 mg/kg for 28 days remarkably reduced the level of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb), and hepatic glycogen but enhanced plasma Hb concentration. The altered activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and hexokinase in diabetic rats were significantly improved upon quercetin treatment. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of pancreatic superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione was effectively increased while the value for thiobarbituric acid reactive species was decreased. A significant reduction of glycemia was observed in the glucose tolerance test, 120 min after the glucose pulse. Also, the damage caused by fructose-STZ in the liver and pancreas of diabetic animals were restored to near normal. Molecular docking of quercetin showed a high affinity for hexokinase and CAT with a binding energy of −7.82 and −9.83 kcal/mol, respectively, more elevated than the standard drugs. Practical applicationsFunctional foods and nutraceuticals have increasingly interested the consumers in terms of health benefits and have started focussing on the prevention or cure of disease by the foods and their health-enhancing phytochemicals. Quercetin is one of the most potent naturally occurring antioxidants within the flavonoid subclasses, mostly distributed as a secondary metabolite in fruits, vegetables, and black tea.Based on the results exhibited in the present study, we proposed that the consumption of foods rich in quercetin could be a cheap and affordable nutraceutical that can be developed for the treatment of T2DM and its complications. Further studies on the safety aspects of quercetin in long-term usage are strongly recommended before implementing for the treatment of human diseases. | MATERIAL S AND ME THODS | Chemicals and reagentsThe compounds 3,5,7,3,4, pentahydroxy flavones (quercetin), STZ, potassium hydroxide (KOH), cyanmethemoglobin, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), HPLC grade ethanol, potassium chloride (KCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ammonium molybdate {(NH4) 6 Mo 7 O 24 }, ammonium acetate (NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 ), K E Y W O R D S anti-hyperglycaemic, antioxidant, glucose metabolism, histopathology, molecular docking, Quercetin | 3 of 16 OYEDEMI Et al.amino naphthol sulfonic acid (C 10 H 9 NO 4 S), Tris-HCl buffer, citrate buffer, sucrose, glucose, and Drabkin reagents purchased from Merck Chemicals (Pty) Ltd., Bellville, South Africa. All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade and procured from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (Johannesburg-SA).
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