During 1957-1962 the routes and rates of B,, excretion were studied by faecal and whole-body counter techniques, and long-term studies of plasma clearance performed. In the present analyais, the equations of the experimental curves were obtained with an analogue computer, and the simplest compatible model selected. The equations were solved mathematically for a particular model and hence, using Berman and Schoenfeld's method, all other possible models were calculated. Finally, the time curves for radioactivities in experimentally inaccessible pools were generated with the computer. Three pools were required, one apparently intracellular (containing over 99% of the body-B,,), one extracellular B,,, and the third unidentified. In this model, therefore, B,, is assumed to have n t least an approximately uniform turnover rate in most of the intracellular pool. The present method can be used to measure total body content of B,,, which was found t o be 3.03 mg in the subjects studied. The physiological loss of B,, was calculated to be 1.2 pg/day, and the relations of this figure to B,, requirements in man were discussed. Preliminary results in pernicious anaemia indicate a decreased cellular uptake of Bls.
The biological changes in recurrent laryngeal cancer following radiotherapy are not fully understood. The authors investigated differences in the expression of p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and bcl-2 in laryngeal cancer specimens before radiotherapy and in recurrent laryngeal cancer specimens following radiotherapy in the same patients. The authors investigated the expression of p53, PCNA and bcl-2 by immunohistochemical stain in 30 specimens from 15 patients with primary laryngeal cancer and recurrent laryngeal cancer after radiotherapy.The expression of p53 protein was significantly different in laryngeal cancer before radiotherapy (4/15, 26.7 per cent) compared with recurrent laryngeal cancer after radiotherapy (8/15, 53.3 per cent) (p < 0.05). The PCNA index was also significantly different in laryngeal cancer specimens before radiotherapy (mean, 11.9 per cent) compared with recurrent laryngeal cancer after radiotherapy (mean, 18.0 per cent) (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant alteration of bcl-2 expression in primary compared with recurrent laryngeal cancer. The expression of p53 and PCNA increased in recurrent laryngeal cancers after radiotherapy, compared with that in laryngeal cancers before radiotherapy. Recurrent laryngeal cancers arising following radiotherapy became biologically aggressive.
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