Türkiye’de artan araç sayısı ve bu araçların çevreye etkileri düşünüldüğünde yaşam kalitesinin düştüğü gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durumda otomotiv sektöründe iyileştirme çalışmaları hız kazanmıştır. Petrol türevi yakıtlardan vazgeçilip, çevre dostu elektrikli ve hibrid araçlara eğilim artmıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de hibrid ve elektrikli araçlara eğilimin satış piyasasına yansıması araştırılıp, elde edilen bulgular kapsamında hibrid ve elektrikli araçların yıllara göre değişimi incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Hibrid ve elektrikli araçların satışına etki eden faktörler ele alınarak bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’ndan (TÜİK) alınan verilere göre hibrid araçların yıllara göre satışlarında artış görülmüştür. Sektörde bulunan hibrid ve elektrikli araçların satışlarındaki yükselişin devlet desteği ve kullanıcıların bilinçlenmesiyle giderek arttığı bulgular ışığında gözlemlenmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Hibrid ve elektrikli araçlar, Satış trendleri, Türkiye.

This study compared the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of a spark-ignition engine using a carburetor fuel system, an injection fuel system, and an ultrasonic fuel system. When using gasoline only, the ultrasonic fuel system showed a 31% decrease in fuel consumption compared to the carburetor system and a 15% decrease compared to the injection system. When adding 10% bioethanol to the gasoline, fuel consumption increased in all three systems, with the ultrasonic system showing the largest increase of 10%. Exhaust emissions were also measured, and the ultrasonic system showed a significant decrease in CO, HC, and NOx compared to the carburetor and injection systems, with the largest decrease in CO emissions. The addition of bioethanol to the fuel resulted in reducing exhaust emission values in all three systems, with the ultrasonic system showing the largest decrease in CO and HC emissions compared to the carburetor and injection systems, but with an increase in NOx emissions compared to the injection system. When comparing three fuel systems, it was observed that injection fuel systems have the highest CO2 values. Although the addition of alcohol to the fuel does not cause a significant change in CO2 emission values for injection and ultrasonic fuel systems, an increase is observed in the carburetor fuel system. Overall, the ultrasonic fuel system showed promising results for reducing fuel consumption and improving exhaust emissions.

Fragmentation and mixing of the fuel used in spark ignition engines with air is highly effective on combustion and exhaust emissions. Studies are carried out on fuel systems in order to prepare the ideal air-fuel mixture ratio suitable for different operating conditions of the engine. In this study, ultrasonic fuel system was used as an alternative to the traditional fuel systems used in spark ignition engines. The average droplet diameter of 20-30 µm in the injector fuel system used in spark ignition engines has been realized as 12 µm with ultrasonic fragmentation. The engine was run at ½ constant load at different speeds with ultrasonic, carburetor and injection fuel systems, and exhaust emissions were measured. The maximum values of the measured exhaust emissions for the three fuel systems were examined comparatively. When the ultrasonic fuel system is used, there is a 99% reduction in CO, 60% in HC, 18% in NOx, 10% and an increase in CO2 compared to the carburetor system, 99% reduction in CO, 12% in CO2, and 45% in HC compared to the injector system. It was observed that there was a 55% increase in NOx. In general, it has been determined that the ultrasonic fuel system has a positive effect on exhaust emissions.