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BACKGROUND: Bitter Melon Extract (BME) is widely used for the treatment of various diseases worldwide, due to its rich phytochemical and antioxidant content. The well-known anti-cancer drug, Paclitaxel (PAC) plays a major role in the treatment of various cancer types such as ovarian, breast, and lung cancer. Technetium-99m (99mTc) radiolabeled paclitaxel is emerging as an imaging probe for breast cancer in vivo. 99mTc labeled compounds have been attracting more scientific attention since the achievement of earlier researches in Nuclear Medicine. People consume several types of plant origin diet without knowing the interaction with radiolabeled compounds or radiopharmaceuticals. OBJECTIVE: In the current study, we aimed to monitor potential effects of the BME on the uptake of 99mTc labeled Paclitaxel (99mTcPAC) on MCF-7 (ER+) and MDA-MB-231 (ER-) cell lines by using in vitro methods. METHODS: BME was obtained by extraction of BM seeds by 80% ethanol. PAC was labeled with 99mTc by stannous chloride (SnCl2) as reducing agent. Cytotoxicity and incorporation assays were performed on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells within the cell culture studies. RESULTS: The uptake value of 99mTc-PAC on MCF-7 cells at 240 minutes was 6.20% and BME treated 99mTc-PAC values was 17.39%. CONCLUSION: It is observed that BME treatment has a significant effect on uptake of the 99mTc-PAC on MCF-7 cells which is a known estrogen receptor positive breast carcinoma cell line. It is concluded that this effect could be due to the estrogen receptor dependent interaction of BME.

Background: Theranostic oncology combines therapy and diagnosis and is a new field of medicine that specifically targets the disease by using targeted molecules to destroy the cancerous cells without damaging the surrounding healthy tissues. Objective: We aimed to develop a tool that exploits enzymatic TQ release from glucuronide (G) for the imaging and treatment of lung cancer. We added magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) to enable magnetic hyperthermia and MRI, as well as 131I to enable SPECT imaging and radionuclide therapy. Methods: A glucuronide derivative of thymoquinone (TQG) was enzymatically synthesized and conjugated with the synthesized MNP and then radioiodinated with 131I. New Zealand white rabbits were used in SPECT and MRI studies while tumor modeling studies were performed 6–7-week-old nude mice utilized with bioluminescence imaging. Results: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra confirmed expected structures of TQG. The dimensions of nanoparticles were below 10 nm and they had rather polyhedral shapes. Nanoparticles were radioiodinated with 131I with over 95% yield. In imaging studies, in xenograft models, tumor volume was significantly reduced in TQGMNP-treated mice but not in non-treated mice. Among mice treated intravenously with TQGMNP, xenograft tumor models disappeared after 10 and 15 days, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that TQGMNP in solid, semi-solid and liquid formulations can be developed using different radiolabeling nuclides for applications in multimodality imaging (SPECT and MRI). By altering the characteristics of radionuclides, TQGMNP may ultimately be used not only for diagnosis but also treatment of various cancers as an in vitro diagnostic kit for the diagnosis of beta glucuronidase-rich cancers.

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles have promising biomedical applications such as drug delivery, novel therapeutics and diagnostic imaging. Magnetic drug delivery combination works on the delivery of magnetic nanoparticles loaded with drug to the target tissue by means of an external magnetic field. Gold coated iron oxide (Fe@Au) nanoparticles can provide useful surface chemistry and biological reactivity. Covalent conjugation to the Fe@Au nanoparticles through cleavable linkages can be used to deliver drugs to tumor cells, then the drug can be released by an external. In this paper, purine based cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) inhibitor Olomoucine (Olo) [2-(Hydroxyethylamino)-6-benzylamino-9-methylpurine] was loaded on gold coated iron oxide (Fe@Au) nanoparticles and radiolabeled with

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