Many factors influence microhabitat including climate and the occurrence of predators, prey and suitable shelters. The influence of predators in a semi-extensive breeding system is minimized due to frequent monitoring of the area. This situation enables the independent analysis of such other variables as refuges and temperature. Some specimens of the Viperidae family are kept in a semi-extensive breeding system at the Butantan Institute for display and study. These animals are widely distributed in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, two biomes with distinct climatic characteristics. We compared the daily activity pattern and microhabitat use of the species Bothrops jararaca and Crotalus durissus terrificus. Our main questions were whether rattlesnakes and lancehead snakes respond to habitat selection differently in similar climatic conditions and if they choose similar microhabitats. Species of the genus Bothrops were frequently found under shelters regardless of the time of day. On the other hand, snakes of the genus Crotalus were frequently found sheltered during the early morning, then migrated to sunnier areas and returned to shelters in late afternoon.

Gossypiboma is an uncommon surgical iatrogenic complication due to the retention of textile material inside natural cavities, especially in abdomen. Most patients are symptomatic, and clinical history and physical examination combined with computed tomography are essential to establish the diagnosis. In response to the presence of a foreign body, the host can develop two different types of inflammatory response: aseptic and septic reaction, determining the most common signs and symptoms. Prevention is the key point to control the complication and is based on a systematic and systematized conference of such materials at the end of an operation. The purpose of this case report is to show the typical case of aseptic reaction, it most frequent clinical course and alert the surgeons about the severity including legacy aspects.

The repellency and fumigant toxicities of the peel essential oils of Citrus sinensis var. pêra (LP), C. sinensis var. mimo (LM), and C. aurantium (LL) cultivated in northeast Brazil were evaluated against Tetranychus urticae. Analysis of the oils by GC and GC/MS led to the identification of twenty-eight components, which represented 99.9%, 99.7% and 99.3% of the total constituents of the LP, LM and LL oils, respectively. Limonene was the main component found in all three oils. Other main components were α-pinene (1.5% in LP; 1.4% in LM), myrcene (5.7% in LP; 5.9% in LM and 5.6% in LL) and linalool (2.4% in LP; 2.3% in LM and 3.9% in LL). The best repellency action was observed for LM at 2.0%, followed by LL oil and eugenol, both of them at 2.5%. The Citrus oils were less active than eugenol (LC 50 = 0.004 µL/L air) and phosphine, which revealed 100% mortality at 2x10 -3 g/L (66.7% of the recommended dose). However, the most potent fumigant toxicity was found with LL oil, with an LC 50 value of 1.63µL/L air, followed by the oils from LM and LP with LC 50 values of 2.22 µL/L air and 4.63 µL/L air, respectively. The associated fumigant and repellent properties of these Citrus peel oils, particularly those of C. aurantium and C. senensis var. mimo, could be used to advantage for the control of T. urticae.

Introduction The different response to various drugs by individuals has been increasingly debated, since it has been concluded that there are large differences in response and increasing occurrence of adverse reactions. This set of issues led to more and more research on the implementation of genetic testing in the very near future, leading to benefits for the patient. The purpose of pharmacogenetics is to analyse each individual’s genetic variability in response to therapy, increasing efficiency and safety. On the other hand, pharmacogenomics studies how the expression of a set of genes interferes in individual’s responses to drugs, taking into account pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. This concept also seeks to reduce adverse reactions and toxicity, maximizing drug efficiency. Objectives The present work aims at gathering information on the proposed theme, making the survey of drugs available on the market elucidating how it allows the adjustment of the dose to be administered to the patient according to their genetic profile. Methodology Databases such as Pubmed, Science Direct and Google Scholar were consulted and data were collected from 2015 until 2019. Paper was selected first by abstract and after by full text reading of the article. Results On this review we will list the drugs associated with each biomarker and the respective therapeutic area to which they belong, compiled by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This list includes the main therapeutic area: oncology, haematology, anaesthesiology and psychology. Biomarkers allow us to identify phenotype-associated variations in drug response, making it possible to understand whether drugs will have a beneficial effect, no effect or if there is a risk of toxicity. Conclusion This question requires a risk-benefit assessment, since it involves social, ethical and economic problems.

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