Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar atributos do solo em resposta à diferentes usos da terra no Sul de Minas Gerais. Foram amostrados Gleissolos sob floresta nativa e cultivos de arroz (Oryza sativa) irrigado por inundação e de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris), bem como um Argissolo não inundável sob floresta nativa. O cultivo promoveu o aumento da densidade nos Gleissolos, até a profundidade de 0,4 m, o que resultou em menores diâmetros médios geométrico e ponderado de agregados, especialmente para o arrozal sob inundação, cultivado anualmente com enxada rotativa. A análise micromorfológica do solo evidenciou que a compactação ocorreu em razão do menor espaço macroporoso entre agregados, bem como da menor porosidade derivada da atividade biológica. Os teores de C orgânico do solo (COS) e N total (N) nos Gleissolos cultivados foram cerca de 55 e 40% menores do que no Gleissolo sob mata, em consequência da decomposição orgânica acelerada pelo cultivo. Contudo, o Gleissolo sob mata nativa apresentou teores e estoques de COS e N similares aos de um Argissolo sob mata, o que indica que o efeito da anaerobiose sobre a matéria orgânica do solo foi menor do que o esperado.Termos para indexação: horizonte glei, matéria orgânica do solo, micromorfologia do solo, solos hidromórficos. Impacts of long-term cultivation of flooded rice in gley soilsAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate soil attributes in response to different land use systems in the south of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The soils sampled were gley soils under native forest, flooded rice (Oryza sativa) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) croplands, as well as a dryland Ultisol under native forest. Cultivation increased bulk density in the gley soils, up to 0.4-m soil depth, which resulted in lower weighted mean diameter and lower geometric mean diameter of aggregates, especially for rice crops under flooding, annually tilled with rotary hoe. Micromorphological analyses of soil showed that soil compaction occurred due to the lower macroporosity among aggregates, as well as to the lower porosity derived from biological activity. Soil organic C (SOC) and total nitrogen (N) in the cultivated gley soils were approximately 55 and 40% lower than in gley soil under native forest, as a consequence of accelerated organic decomposition caused by tillage. However, the gley soil under native forest showed contents and stocks of SOC and N similar to those of the Ultisol under forest, which suggests that the effect of anaerobiosis on soil organic matter was weaker than expected.
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