The present study showed a high prevalence of malnutrition among elderly diabetes patients hospitalized for geriatric care. Considering the negative impact of malnutrition on hospital stay and mortality, adequate nutritional care should be emphasized for each elderly patient with diabetes, regardless of body mass index. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2485-2492.

Pooled data from 2352 hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients with viral RNA in feces across 46 studies were analyzed and the pooled prevalence of fecal RNA was 46.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.383–0.554). The pooled analysis showed that the occurrence of total gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms was 28.5% (95% CI: 0.125–0.44) in COVID‐19 patients with fecal RNA, that of both respiratory and GI symptoms was 21.9% (95% CI: 0.09–0.346), that of only GI symptoms was 19.8% (95% CI: 0.107–0.288), and that of only respiratory symptoms was 50.5%（95% CI: 0.267–0.744). The pooled data showed no significant difference in positive fecal RNA between severe and nonsevere cases (odds ratio = 2.009, p = 0.079, 95% CI: 0.922–4.378). During hospital admission, after samples from the respiratory system tested negative for viral RNA, 55.4% (95% CI: 0.418–0.669) of the patients with positive fecal RNA had persistent shedding of fecal RNA and pooled results from the other 4 studies including 848 discharged patients with nucleic acid‐negative stool samples indicated that the occurrence of repositive stool swabs was 18.1% (95% CI: 0.028–0.335), that of repositive respiratory swabs was 22.8% (95% CI: 0.003–0.452), that of both repositive stool and respiratory swabs was 19.1% (95% CI: 0.019–0.363), and that of only repositive stool swabs was 9.6% (95% CI: 0.010–0.203). The digestive tract may be an important organ involved in COVID‐19 infection and in the excretion of the virus. Because of the potential risk of fecal–oral transmission, giving emphasis on stool swab tests can help increase the detection rate of asymptomatic carriers and reduce missed diagnoses.

Diabetic neuropathy can damage systemic nervous system, including alteration of enteric nervous system and subsequent gastrointestinal dysfunction. The effect of diabetes on enteric glia cell (EGC) is not clear. We investigated the effect of diabetes and hyperglycemia on EGC, and the role of microRNA375 in modulating EGC survival in vivo and in vitro. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were intraperitoneally injected with microRNA375 inhibitor or its negative control. EGC was transfected with microRNA375 inhibitor or its mimic. Diabetes mice with gastrointestinal dysfunction showed increased apoptosis of EGC (no difference in cell numbers) and gene expression of micorRNA375 in the myenteric plexus. Hyperglycemia triggered apoptosis of EGC in vitro with decreased expression of Pdk1 and p-Akt, but increased expression of micorRNA375. MicorRNA375 mimic induced apoptosis of EGC in vitro with repressed Pdk1and p-Akt. MicorRNA375 inhibitor could both prevent hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis of EGC in vitro and diabetes-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction in vivo. Our results suggest that diabetes-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction is related to increased apoptosis of EGC in the myenteric plexus. Hyperglycemia can increase the expression of microRNA375 and damage EGC survival through PI3K/Akt pathway. MicroRNA375 specific inhibition can prevent hyperglycemia induced EGC damage and diabetes-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Malnutrition is a state of altered body composition and body cell mass due to inadequate intake or utilization of energy or nutrients, leading to physical and mental dysfunction and impaired clinical outcomes. As one of the most common geriatric syndromes, malnutrition in the elderly is a significant risk factor for poor clinical outcomes, causing a massive burden on medical resources and society. The risk factors for malnutrition in the elderly are diverse and include demographics, chronic diseases, and psychosocial factors. Presently, recommendations for the prevention and intervention of malnutrition in the elderly are not clear or consistent in China. This consensus is based on the latest global evidence and multiregional clinical experience in China, which aims to standardize the prevention and intervention of malnutrition in the elderly in China and improve the efficacy of clinical practice and the prognosis of elderly patients.

Background/Aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease of poor prognosis. An advantageous connection between vitamin D supplementation and prognostic improvement was depicted in CRC patients. However, the effects of circulating vitamin D on cancer outcomes are unclear for advanced CRC patients, especially for those receiving chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: The review was registered on PROSPERO (register number: CRD42021243547). PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for English-language publications using relevant keywords. Two reviewers independently selected articles, assessed quality, and extracted data. We applied RevMan5.4 and Stata14 for metaanalysis. Results: We included an RCT and three prospective cohort studies, which were of high overall quality. Higher circulating 25(OH)D level was related with better disease outcomes in advanced CRC patients undergoing chemotherapy: progression-free survival (HR=0.85, 95% CI=0.71-0.99; I 2 =34.4%), overall survival (OR=0.56, I 2 =0%). Conclusion: High circulating 25(OH)D content is beneficial for improving prognosis of advanced CRC receiving chemotherapy.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most wide-ranging cancer globally, with the second-highest mortality rate (1). Its global disease burden is predicted to rise more than 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million deaths by 2030 (2). Among patients with CRC, less than half of patients could be diagnosed at an early stage, and the survival rates decline to 14% for metastatic CRC (3). Standard therapy for CRC includes surgery, radiotherapy, and adjuvant therapy with anticancer drugs (4). Chemotherapy is a primary therapeutic strategy for advanced or metastatic CRC patients (5,6).Vitamin D has been demonstrated to inhibit cancer cell progression (7). Recent studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation increased progression-free survival (PFS) in CRC patients under chemotherapy regimens, even in an advanced status (8-10). Moreover, accumulating evidence has depicted that vitamin D, when used with chemotherapy, increased the effect of antineoplastic drugs such as gemcitabine (11), cisplatin (11), and doxorubicin (12). Similarly, calcitriol has been found to reduce inflammation and retard tissue damage following 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion ( 13) and to be beneficial to good health via enhancing the protective effects of the innate immune response ( 14), especially for older patients with cancer (14). A higher level of vitamin D has been suggested to improve response to neoadjuvant treatment (15). In addition, vitamin D plays a meaningful role in decreasing chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis (16). Also, patients with adequate vitamin D concentration were more likely to complete the whole chemotherapy process (17). However, CRC patients tend to be diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency (8,(18)(19)(20). The study demonstrated an exceptionally high rate of vitamin D deficiency in advanced CRC (3). Meanwhile, chemotherapy has been related to increase in vitamin D deficiency risk (21).S...