No abstract

Development of new cultivars and agronomic improvements are key factors of increasing in future grain yield in maize grown in environments affected by climate change. Assessment of value for cultivation and use (VCU) reflects the results of latest breeding efforts showing yield trends, whereby external environmental covariates were rarely used. This study aimed to analyze several environmental effects including stress degree days (SDD) on grain yields in Croatian VCU trials in three maturity groups using linear mixed model for the estimation of fixed and random effects. Best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) of location-year interaction showed no pattern among maturity groups. SDD showed mostly non-significant coefficients of regression on location BLUPs for yield. Analyzing location BLUPs, it was shown that the effect became consistently stronger with later maturity, either positive or negative. The effects of management might play more critical role in maize phenology and yield formation compared with climate change, at least in suboptimum growing conditions often found in Southeast Europe. To facilitate more robust predictions of the crop improvement, the traditional forked approach dealing with G×E by breeders and E×M by agronomists should be integrated to GxExM framework, to assess the full gradient of combinations forming the adaptation landscape.

The field pea breeding at the Agricultural Institute Osijek has primarily been aimed at continued development of new cultivar types with high yield, potential early group maturity and resistance to lodging. Letin is a new semi-leafless -winter field pea (Pisum sativum) with purple flowers and a mottled light brown seed coat. Semileafless and leafed genotypes were evaluated for plant height, lodging, maturity, forage yield and quality in two locations. The forage yield of pea genotypes has an average of 32.21 t*ha -1 . Higher yield was obtained from semi-leafless genotype (34.48 t*ha -1 ). The leafed genotype has achieved better nutritive characteristics. The obtained results point to a need for new tests and the possible introduction of semileafless cultivars in the production as a pea-cereal mixture or as pure crops to be utilized by cutting.KEYWORD: field pea, semi-leafless, yield, lodging SAŽETAKOplemenjivački rad na poljskom grašku na Poljoprivrednom institutu Osijek prvenstveno je usmjeren na stvaranje i razvoj novih tipova kultivara s visokim potencijalom prinosa, rane grupe zrelosti i tolerantnosti na polijeganje. Letin je novi bezlisni tip ozimog poljskog graška (Pisum sativum) s tamnocrvenim cvijetom i šarene svijetlo smeñe sjemene ovojnice. Bezlisni i lisni genotipovi ispitani su na visinu biljaka, rezultate polijeganja, zrelost, prinos zelene mase i kvalitetu na dva lokaliteta. Prinos mase testiranih genotipova graška u prosjeku je iznosio 32,21 t*ha -1 , veći prinos dobiven je s bezlisnim genotipom (34,48 t*ha -1 ). Lisni genotip ostvario je bolje nutritivne vrijednosti. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na potrebu za novim testiranjima te moguće uvoñenje bezlisnih kultivara u proizvodnju kao mješavinu grašak-žitarice ili čistih kultura za košnju.

Global climate changes have caused a significant weather oscillation. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of weather conditions on the association of soybean seed yield and yield components, to find out the magnitude and effect of each component and their reaction to environmental stress. Seventy-four soybean varieties from nine geographical origins were studied during two seasons (2015 with less rainfall and increased temperatures and 2016 with increased humidity and moderate temperatures) at the Croatian Centre for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs in Osijek, Croatia. Correlation and path analysis were used to examine the association of the studied traits. The variance analysis revealed significant (P<0.01) effect of genotype, year and their interactions on all examined traits. During both seasons the seed yield was in significant and positive correlation with seed number per plant, pods number per plant, seed number per pod and 1,000-seed weight. All the traits mentioned had a stronger correlation with the yield in the dry 2015 compared to the year 2016. The seed number per plant had the highest correlation coefficients and a high and positive direct effect on seed yield in both years. Therefore, the selection of high yielding genotypes based on this trait can be done directly regardless of the variable weather conditions. The hierarchical clustering of varieties resulted in eight clusters in both years, confirming high genetic variability of the examined varieties. In 2016 one cluster that mainly consisted of varieties typical for the breeding programs of this region was singled out.Keywords: correlation, hierarchical clustering, path analysis, seed yield, soybean, weather oscillation, yield component SažetakGlobalne klimatske promjene uzrokuju sve veće vremenske oscilacije. Ciljevi ovog istraživanja bili su odrediti utjecaj vremenskih čimbenika na povezanost prinosa zrna soje i komponenti prinosa, ispitati jačinu i učinak svake komponente te njihovu reakciju na okolišni stres. Tijekom dvije vegetacijske sezone (2015. sa sušnim uvjetima i povišenim temperaturama i 2016. s vlažnim vremenskim uvjetima i umjerenim temperaturama) pri Hrvatskom centru za poljoprivredu, hranu i selo u Osijeku proučavane su sedamdeset četiri sorte soje podrijetlom iz devet različitih geografskih izvora. Za ispitivanje povezanosti proučavanih svojstava korišteni su korelacijska i path analiza. Analiza varijance pokazala je značajan (P<0,01) učinak genotipa, godine i njihove interakcije na sva ispitivana svojstva. Tijekom obje sezone prinos sjemena je bio u signifikantnoj i pozitivnoj korelaciji s brojem zrna po biljci, brojem mahuna po biljci, brojem zrna po mahuni i masom 1000 zrna. Navedena svojstva su imala jaču korelaciju sa prinosom u sušnoj 2015. u usporedbi s 2016. godinom. Broj zrna po biljci je imao najviši koeficijent korelacije te visok i pozitivan izravni učinak na prinos u obje godine pa se izbor genotipova visokih prinosa na temelju ovog svojstva može obaviti izravno bez obzira na pr...

Priznavanje sorti poljoprivrednog bilja u Republici Hrvatskoj provodi se u Hrvatskoj Agenciji za poljoprivredu i hranu - Centru za sjemenarstvo i rasadničarstvo u skladu sa Zakonom o sjemenu, sadnom materijalu i priznavanju sorti poljoprivrednog bilja (NN 140/05, 35/08, 25/09, 124/10, 55/11 i 14/14), Pravilnikom o upisu sorti u Sortnu listu (NN 45/08, 84/08, 77/13, 136/15, 57/17, 70/18 i 75/19), Pravilnikom o priznavanju sorti poljoprivrednog bilja (NN 99/08, 100/09, 109/10, 77/13 i 57/18) i Pravilnikom o postupku utvrđivanja različitosti, ujednačenosti i postojanosti novih biljnih sorti u svrhu dodjeljivanja oplemenjivačkog prava i priznavanja sorti (NN 61/11). Sortna lista Republike Hrvatske je službeni popis sorti vrsta bilja koje su priznate u Republici Hrvatskoj. Postupkom priznavanja sorte stječe se pravo upisa sorte u Sortnu listu Republike Hrvatske, Zajedničku sortnu listu Zajednice i OECD listu. Trenutno je na Sortnoj listi Republike Hrvatske upisano 843 sorti poljoprivrednog bilja i povrća. Od osnivanja Centra za sjemenarstvo i rasadničarstvo (1998.) do danas je zaprimljeno 4.181 zahtjev za priznavanje za 103 biljne vrste. Od tog su broja priznate 2.409 sorti, 1.251 je povučeno iz ispitivanja, a 285 sorti nisu priznate. Za 8 sorti je odbačen zahtjev za priznavanje i 228 sorti se nalazi u postupku ispitivanja.