The frequency of application of different multi-criteria decisionmaking methods in business and financial problems is justified by the diversity and complexity of business decisions. The methods enable analysts and decisionmakers to assess when making a decision. This research aims to present the contribution of multi-valued relationship methods in assessing operational risks in banks operating in Serbia. The article shows that the multi-criteria approach used in the initial phase of identifying operational risk increases the potential of bank management for further risk management, particularly in operational risk management (ORM). The research also included a comparative analysis of the results obtained by various MCDM methods, which were more concerned with business risk analysis. An example of a decision-making problem in operational risk management is presented, showing how the issue of decision-making in operational risk management is structured using the BWM method. The use of the BWM method proved to be highly acceptable for decision-makers in banks compared to other models. In all MCDM models, external factors and human resources rank first. The results unequivocally indicated the significant influence of external factors on banking operations -the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, part-time work, hacker attacks, economic policy, and adjustment of the economy to epidemiological restrictions. The approach is simple and provides an effective method that can be successful in solving other decision-making problems.

The study examines the link between different modalities of effective tax rates in state-owned entities in Serbia and how those rates can be used to distinguish between SOEs using tax planning and those not inclined to tax planning techniques. Results show that state-owned companies in Serbia owned by local municipalities and cities are using tax planning to obtain lower effective tax rates than the statutory rate, therefore, using their preferential tax status from size and ownership. The study shows that cash flow-based effective tax rates and combined tax rates are better predictors of tax planning than accounting-based effective tax rates for state-owned firms.