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The aim of this study was to determine to relationship between glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and indices of insulin resistance in the dry period (DP) and early lactation (EL). The importance of this study was in determining the relation between insulin sensitivity in DP and insulin resistance in EL. A total of 30 normally fed Holstein-Friesian cows with a high body condition score (> 3.75) were included in the study. Blood samples were collected in DP (weeks 5-7 ante partum) and EL (weeks 1-2 post partum). Cows in EL showed higher insulin resistance in comparison to DP due to a lower concentration of glucose and insulin, higher concentration of NEFA, lower value of revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and higher values of glucose:insulin and NEFA:insulin ratios (lower pancreas responsivnes to glucose and antilipolytic effect of insulin). Higher concentrations of insulin and glucose in the DP lead to a decrease in their concentrations and an increase in glucose:insulin and NEFA:insulin ratios in the EL. The revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index in DP negatively correlates with the same index in EL, while positively correlating with the NEFA and NEFA:insulin ratio in EL. The EL revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index value was influenced by dynamic changes (DP minus EL) in the insulin, NEFA, and glucose concentrations. The relationship between the indicators shows that higher insulin sensitivity in the DP increases resistance in EL in normally fed obese dairy cows.

The short-term results of our clinical trial showed that pharmacological intravitreal agents, such as bevacizumab and triameinolon-acetonid, lead to rapid resolution of macular edema and significant improvement of visual acuity.

Prolonged physical training is beneficial for patients after myocardial infarction, because it improves cardiovascular functions and physical work capacity, improves angina threshold and the patient's general health.