No abstract

Access to certain types of facilities can promote health and well-being. When population and facilities are not uniformly distributed across the landscape, inequities in accessibility may occur. Current research into GIS-based accessibility measures has focused primarily on spatial inequities between different geographic locations but not directly on differences in accessibility between subgroups of the population. The research presented here develops a new method for measuring differential accessibility to facilities between various segments of the population. The method extends concepts and techniques in spatial point pattern analysis that account for the spatial structure of demand and its relationship to supply. In this approach, the traditional Lorenz curve and its associated indices, the Gini coefficient and the dissimilarity index, which are used to measure inequality, are recast in spatial terms for measuring differences in accessibility between population subgroups.An analysis of spatial accessibility to grocery stores in Akron, OH illustrates the value of the spatial Lorenz curve and its associated indices compared to other methods.

Between 1975 and 1979 the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK; also known as the "Khmer Rouge") sought to establish a new society governed by a Marxist-Leninist-inspired vision of collective ownership. In the process, however, upwards of two million men, women and children succumbed to extreme exhaustion, disease, starvation, torture, murder and execution. In this paper we contextualise the violence unleashed on Cambodia not through a focus on the "taking of life" but instead, paradoxically, on the "making of life." More specifically, we take seriously the CPK's purported goal of raising its citizens' livelihood through the establishment of communes and cooperatives. To date, scholars of the Cambodian genocide have focused surprisingly little attention to the function of communes and cooperatives. In this paper we highlight the centrality of the "camp concept" towards such an understanding. More precisely, we suggest that communes and cooperatives were the geographic pivots on which the Khmer Rouge sought to make possible their revolutionary remaking of a post-revolutionary society. In so doing, our paper makes two contributions. First, we provide a much-needed addition to the scholarly study of the Cambodian genocide, namely an argument that the Khmer Rouge effort to "build socialism" was necessarily a material and geographic project. Second, we contribute to the flourishing yet transforming literature on camps, notably via an engagement with the concept of psychotopologies.

Access to hospitals and especially intensive care units is an important issue given the current COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the interplay between the pattern of spatial separation of racial groups and the access by those groups to hospital services as measured by the number of beds. Differences between racial groups in the Chicago Area were investigated using two models that calculated supply and cost accessibility to hospital care using Huff-style probabilities. An additional two models focused on minimizing the unevenness in congestion for ICU beds at hospitals. Results suggest that with respect to hospital beds, there was not much difference between racial groups in terms of supply accessibility, but there were greater differences in the travel cost for accessing those services. This is due to the association between the centrality dimension of residential segregation and the central location of hospitals in the Chicago Area. Results also suggest that the goal of even congestion levels results in higher travel costs with the region.

While cartography continues to be a major form of geographic study, an important line of cartographic research has moved away from the “scientific” framework of cartographic inquiry, and instead studies the narratives and social construction of maps. This article seeks to understand the visual representation of the French Indo-China War using journalistic maps from the New York Times. In doing so, it hopes to reconstruct how the policies and events of this conflict were visually represented to the American public. It draws upon critical cartographic frameworks to deconstruct the visual narrative and interpret the assumptions that were inherent within the maps. The overall visual impact of the conflict suggests an attempt to simplify the conflict into a Western narrative of national emergence without a deeper discussion of identity, ethnicity, and sovereignty at a subnational level.