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High-pressure multi-hole injectors for direct-injection spark-ignition engines offer certain flexibility in spray directionality by selecting the number and angle of the nozzle's holes to suit the design of a particular combustion chamber. However, the spray's pattern can change significantly for injector-body temperatures representative of real engine operation at low-load conditions with injection strategies in the early intake stroke. This is due to rapid phase change effects from flash boiling of the high-volatility components of gasoline. This work presents results from an optical investigation into the effects of injector-body temperature and back pressure on the pattern of spray formation, especially when coupled to different levels of ambient turbulence. Specifically, gasoline and iso-octane fuels were tested in the range of 20-120 °C

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Titanium and zirconium give zero or negligible corrosion rates in air aerated aniline hydrochloride solutions. Stainless steel is unsatisfactory because of a tendency to form deep pits. The three materials are resistant to boiling chlorinated hydrocarbonwater mixtures. With the exception of stainless steel in carbon tetrachloride, these materials also have little or no catalytic effect on the decomposition of the hydrocarbon under such conditions. LITERATURE CITED(1) Am. Soc. Testing Materials, Standards, Pt. I-B, 793-802 (1946), (2) Corrosion Handbook ( . H. Uhlig, ed.

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