This paper seeks to understand how tourists might reduce their travel distances by better understanding their perception and "performance" of distances to destinations. Travel accounts for 75% of tourism's GHG emissions, the majority from flying. Tourist travel distances are growing rapidly, as are emissions, with little evidence of the reductions required to comply with emission reduction targets. This research used discourse analysis of in-depth interviews with Danish tourists to explore how they understand distance. Respondents rarely referred to physical distance (e.g. kilometres), but instead to scales including cost, time and cultural difference to express relative distances. Some distances were seen as "zonal", (e.g. "away from home" or "sun and sea" or winter sports destinations), others "ordinal", having degrees of difference, time or costs to cross. The desire for distance also resulted from links tourists make between physical distance and reaching cultural dissimilarity. Sometimes travel itself was integral with the holiday experience. While cost and time savings were important, the total holiday price was more important than the journey price. Measures are suggested for reducing the distances travelled and changing the modes used, and so reducing environmental impacts, including changing leave allowances, better marketing of nearby destinations with cultural differences, and promoting slow travel.

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In this study we look at how pro- and anti-vaccination groups construct alternative knowledge and facts discursively and linguistically in order to challenge or support the established scientific knowledge on vaccines. Through this case study we wish to examine how the power of language interacts with a language of power when memes in creative ways mimic, produce and reproduce scientific language and practices. Drawing on a dialogical-semiotic and a discourse theoretical analytical strategy, we, first, adopt Austin’s speech act theory and Bakhtin’s concept of speech genres to argue that memes are performative with an especially illocutionary force and are made up of alien language from scientific discourses. Second, we argue that Laclau’s discursive approach to how political positions are articulated in an antagonistic terrain allows us to see vaccination memes as either subversive or supportive of a scientific social imaginary.

Udsigelsens fortolkninger Subjectivity in Narratives: Interpretations of EnunciationAn ongoing discussion in literary theory is about whether the narrative text generally, has narrator or not. The respectively positive and negative interpretations illustrate two paradigms in the narrative theory. Gorm Larsen shows that the two positions are connected by the concept of enunciation: Käte Hamburger and Émile Benveniste introduced the concept of enunciation and argued at the same time that only I-narratives have a structure of enunciation. In the view of poststructural theory this has been radicalised into a complete denial of the narrator. Gorm Larsen argues however that the different interpretations of enunciation are not in conflict with each other, but – from a narratological and structural point of view – a matter of different levels on which subjectivity in narrative can be understood; this shows that subjectivity in narrative is a complex state of affairs.