In eleven cases thirteen pancreatic islet cell adenomas were found in autopsy material from 1366 adult cases. Ten of the adenomas were solitary, while 3 small adenomas were observed in a single case. Another four possible solitary adenomas were observed, but their identity was uncertain owing to marked fibrosis. All the adenomas contained A-2 (A)-1 cells but no B (B)-1 cells. Nine of them also contained A-1 (D)-1 cells. The majority of cells in the adenomas were A-2 cells or cells which did not stain with any of the techniques used. The 4 possible adenomas contained islet cells (A-1, A-2, B) in different proportions. With one exception the patients with adenomas and possible adenomas were 65 years of age or older, and in some of these cases adenomas or hyperplasias were also found in other endocrine organs. The frequency of gastroduodenal ulcers or scars in the cases with adenoma or possible adenoma did not differ notably from that found in the cases without pancreatic adenomas. Among the cases with pancreatic adenoma and possible adenoma there were 3 patients with maturity onset diabetes mellitus, but otherwise no clinical symptoms of endocrine disturbances were noted.

The plasma insulin response to prolonged glucose infusion was studied in 14 patients with Turner's syndrome having a normal intravenous glucose tolerance test. The insulin response was in most instances delayed and diminished in spite of a higher than normal blood glucose level. The fasting plasma growth hormone (HGH) level was elevated, and hyperglycaemia induced a paradoxical increase in plasma HGH in most of the patients. The HGH response to hypoglycaemia was normal. Oestrogen replacement accentuated the paradoxical HGH reaction to hyperglycaemia while the insulin response diminished further. In contrast to earlier studies no increase in the frequency of diabetes was found among the relatives of the Turner patients. In one subject there was a definite hyperplasia of the islet tissue of the pancreas with signs of decreased activity of the β-cells, in a second one the amount of islet tissue was fairly high. Possible relationships between the above findings are discussed.

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We have encountered brain damage in a number of children after the clinical use of deep hypothermia for open-heart surgery, and we therefore consider a warning should be given against its use by extracorporeal cooling in its present form, especially for children. Our findings have precluded the continued use of deep hypothermia for children in our clinic.