The middle and upper atmosphere of Earth displays many large-scale oscillations in several parameters. Of these oscillations, Atmospheric Oscillation (AO) and Semi-annual Oscillation (SAO) are prominent ones. In this work, we have analyzed the Very Low Frequency/Low Frequency (VLF/LF) data from two of the transmitters of frequency 45.9 kHz at NSY, Sicily, Italy and 37.5 kHz at Grindavik, Iceland. The selected Trasmitter-Receiver Great Circle Path (TRGCP) is middle latitude which is marine in case of Grindavik TRGCP and terrestrial in case of NSY TRGCP. The VLF/LF signals are bounced back and forth from D-layer of ionosphere (altitude at ~65 km during day and ∼95 km during night) in Earth-ionospheric waveguide. This infers the presence of atmospheric oscillations as a consequence of change in ionization and recombination rates. Many works related to AO and SAO are mostly done only for equatorial region of the ionosphere and authors have reported the elegant dominancy of AO and SAO in the VLF/LF amplitude pattern over years. To our surprise, in our work it is seen that not only AO and SAO but also other oscillations are necessary to model the oscillation pattern of middle latitude ionosphere.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.