The valuation of risky debt is central to theoretical and empirical work in corporate finance. Although much is known on the returns and valuation of bonds, there is hardly a consensus on the risk components of the yield spreads. This article aims to investigate the effect of investor sentiment as a systematic risk factor on speculative bond yield spreads. After applying correlation analysis to determine the strength of linear association between these two variables, a vector autoregressive (VAR) analysis and impulse response tests are used to examine the relationship between these two variables. The sample period extends from January 1997 to August 2014. In the VAR models, speculative bond spreads and consumer confidence index are used as endogenous variables. The results show that sentiment covaries with the yield spread and have a negative effect on them. The spread level of the previous period seems to be a statistically significant determinant of the current period sentiment. Empirical findings imply that investor sentiment is a systematic risk factor in risky bond markets.
Environmental protection is currently one of the key priority areas of the European Union (EU). The search for precise tools to assess the impact of the economy, industry, or the production of individual products or services is crucial for an effective and efficient policy in environmental protection. Blockchain technology, originally related to the financial sector and cryptocurrencies, is an innovative solution that is increasingly being implemented by other areas of the economy and industry sectors. The authors reviewed the literature and based on it presented the possibilities and effects of using blockchain technology in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which is in line with the current development trends of this method. The analysis of the research conducted in this area also allowed to present not only the advantages of blockchain in LCA, but also the limitations of this technology and the potential directions of further research.
Spot piyasalarda varlık fiyatlamasında belirleyici faktörlerden biri olan yatırımcı duyarlılığının vadeli işlem piyasalarını da etkileme olasılığı oldukça yüksek olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, Vadeli İşlem Piyasasında işlem gören kontratların getiri, işlem hacmi ve açık pozisyonları arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi ile bilgiye dayalı işlem yapmayan kalabalıkların sistematik olarak piyasayı etkileme gücünün olup olmadığının ortaya konulması; Türkiye gibi finansal piyasaları hızla büyüyen bir ülke için büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma ile Nisan 2006 - Nisan 2016 dönemlerinde yatırımcı duyarlılığının, Türkiye’de Endeks Vadeli İşlem Sözleşmelerinin getirilerini etkileyip etkilemediği araştırılmıştır. Vadeli işlem piyasa getirilerini temsilen, BIST 30 Endeks Vadeli İşlem Sözleşmelerinin getirileri incelenmiş ve yapılan regresyon analizi sonucunda, yatırımcı duyarlılığı temsilcilerinin getirileri anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği görülmüştür. Çalışma, bilindiği kadarıyla, Türkiye’de vadeli işlem piyasalarında yatırımcı duyarlılığının etkisini araştıran ilk çalışma olması nedeniyle önem arz etmektedir.
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